Gambaran Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Kabupaten Kebumen Provinsi Jawa Tengah

Yusrizal, Bayu Satria Wiratama, S.Ked, MPH, Ph.D; Dr. Emy Huriyati, M.Kes

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang : Stunting menggambarkan adanya masalah akibat kurang gizi kronik. Indonesia masih tinggi angka prevalensi stunting. Kebumen terjadinya peningkatan stunting 22,1% tahun 2022 dibandingkan prevalensi stunting Indonesia. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi surveilans gizi-stunting, program penanganan stunting serta faktor risiko stunting pada balita di Kabupaten Kebumen. Metode : Sub-studi evaluasi surveilans gizi-stunting dan program penanganan stunting menggunakan studi deskriptif kuantitatif dan sub-analitik menggunakan cross sectional. Data dianalisis secara bivariat menggunakan chi square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil : Sistem surveilans-stunting di Kabupaten Kebumen tahun 2022 57,14% pencatatan dan pelaporan dilakukan dengan e-PPBGM. 38.89% dilakukan analisis dan ketetpatan dan kelengkapan laporan belum optimal. sedangkan pada evaluasi program penanganan stunting suplementasi tablet tambah darah belum mencapai 100%, kepatuhan ibu hamil dan ibu balita dalam mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah dan makanan tambahan masih ditemukan kendala dalam pelaksanaan program. Pada sub-analitik prevalensi stunting 19,88% di Kabupaten Kebumen. Analisis regresi asupan energi (AOR 2,0; 95% CI 1,11-3,65), berat badan lahir rendah (AOR 2,1; 95% CI 1,08-4,24), Pendapatan keluarga (AOR 2,0; 95% CI 1,06-4,08) adalah variabel prediktor signifikan stunting dalam penelitian ini. Kesimpulan dan Saran : Prevalensi stunting di Kabupaten Kebumen berhubungan dengan asupan kalori rendah, Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR), pendapatan keluarga. Perhatian harus di fokuskan pada perawatan ibu hamil dan pola makan ibu yang baik serta menghindari kekurangan nutrisi selama kehamilan

Background: stunting describes a problem resulting from chronic malnutrition. Indonesia still has a high prevalence of stunting.  Kebumen will see an increase in stunting by 22.1% in 2022 compared to the national prevalence of stunting. Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the implementation of stunting nutrition surveillance evaluation, stunting management program evaluation, and risk factors for stunting in toddlers in Kebumen Regency. Methods:  The sub-study of the evaluation of surveillance and stunting nutrition management programs used a quantitative descriptive study. Analytical sub-study using cross-sectional. Data were analyzed bivariate using chi-square and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The stunting nutrition surveillance system in Kebumen district in 2022 still has structural weaknesses, namely recording and reporting, data analysis, and surveillance attributes, namely the completeness and accuracy of reports with the e-PPBGM application. Meanwhile in the evaluation of the stunting treatment program the output of iron folate supplementation had not reached 100%. There are still obstacles in implementing program to provide additional food to pregnant women with chronic low energy and malnourished toddlers. In the analytic sub-study cases of stunting under five in Kebumen Regency were 19,88%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between caloric intake (AOR 2.0; CI 1.11-3.65), low birth weight (AOR 2.1; 95% CI 1.08-4.24), family income (AOR 2.0; 95% CI 1.06-4.08), infectious diseases (AOR 1.6; 95% CI 0.92-2-96), maternal height (AOR 1.9; 95% CI 0.97-4.08) and exclusive breastfeeding (AOR 0.5; 95% CI 0.92-2.96%) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Kebumen Regency, Central Java. Conclusions: The prevalence of stunting in Kebumen Regency is related to low-calorie intake, low birth weight (LBW) and family income. Attention should be focused on caring for pregnant women, good maternal diet and avoiding nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy.

Kata Kunci : Nutrition surveillance, treatment program, stunting, toddlers