STUDI KOMPOSISI JENIS POHON DI HUTAN ALAM TURGO RPH KALIURANG

HERU SETIAWAN , Ir. Dwi T. Adriyanti, M.P.

2006 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

awasan Turgo yang terletak di lereng selatan Gunung Merapi merupakan hutan alam dengan keanekaragaman jenis yang difungsikan untuk perlindungan dan pengawetan sumber daya alarn beserta ekosistemnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk rnengetahui kornposisi jenis pohon, mempelajari taksonomui jenis-jenis pohon penyusun, dan memberikan inforrnasi mengenai kelirnpahan serta manfaat jenis-jenis pohon di Hutan Alam Turgo. Pelaksanaan penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data ekologi dan data taksonomi. Data ekologi diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode kuadran. Penentuan letak titik pengamatan pertama dilakukan acak kemudian secara sistematik setiap titik pengamatan berjarak 20 m sepanjang transek. Transek dibuat searah dengan jalan setapak. Pada setiap titik pengamatan dibuat dua garis khayal yang saling tegak lurus sehingga terbentuk empat ruang atau kuadran. Setiap pohon terdekat dengan titik pengarnatan dari rnasing-rnasing kuadran dicatat jaraknya terhadap masing­masing titik pengamatan. Pengukuran tinggi pohon juga dilakukan terhadap pohon yang berdiarneter > 10 cm. Data taksonomi diperoleh dengan mengarnati fisiognomi tumbuhan di lapangan. Untuk mengetahui nama ilmiah, identifikasi lebih lanjut dilakukan dengan membuat herbarium yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan informasi yang terdapat pada buku-buku pustaka. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dijumpai 16 jenis pohon di Hutan Alam Turgo yang didominasi oleh Famili Fagaceae dan Euphorbiaceae. Jenis-jenis pohon penyusun tersebut adalah: Schima wallichii (DC) Korth., INP=99.89%; Pinus merkusii = J unghun & De Vriese, INP 44.18%; Cinchona ledgeriana Moens., INP=33,89%; = Altingia excel.m Noronha, INP 24.34%; Castanopsis argentea Blume, INP=21.17%; Erythrina Lithosperma, INP=12,19%; Lithocarpus costata A. Camus, INP=t0.89%; Flacourtia rukam, INP=8,08%; Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) M. A, INP=7.66%; Holamanthus populneus (Grisel.) Pax, INP=6.54%; Vitex trifolia Linn. INP=6.13%; Macaranga Javanika Hk. F., INP=6.09%; Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R. Br. Ex Wall., = INP 6.05%; Dthocarpus javensis Blume, INP=5.10%

Turgo area, located in south slope of Merapi Mountain is a natural forest with a variety of type functioned as a protection and maintenance of natural resource and its ecosystem. This study was aimed to find out the composition of tree species, to study the taxonomy of arranging tree species, and gives information about abundance and benefit of tree types in Turgo Natural Forest. The implementation of this study involved collection of ecological data and taxonomical data. Ecological data was obtained by using quaternary or central point. The determination of first observation point was carried out randomly then systematically, each observation point had interval of 20 meter along the transect. The transect was made by following the pathway. In each observation point, it was made two imaginary lines vertically so that it was formed four rooms or quadrants. Each closest tree with observation point from reach quadrant was noted about its distance toward each observation point. The measurement of height was also carried out toward the trees having diameter of> 10 cm. Taxonomical data was obtained by observing plant physiognomy in the field. To find out the scientific names, further identification was carried out by making herbarium, which then compared to the information existing in the literature. Based on this study, it was found 16 trees species in Turgo Natural Forest dominated by the Family of Fagaceae and Euphorbiaceae. The Important Value Index (IVI) of those species are as follows: Schima wallichii (DC) Korth., IVI=99.89%; Pinus merkusii Junghun & De Vriese, IVI=44.18%; Cinchona ledgeriana Moens., IVI=33,89%; Altingia excelsa Noronha, IVI=24.34%; Castanopsis argentea Blume, IVI=21.17%; Erythrina lithosperma, IVI=l2,l 9%; Lithocarpus costata A. Camus, IVI=I0.89%; Flacourtia rukam, IVI=8,08%; Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) M. A., IVI=7.66%; Holamanthus populneus (Grisel.) Pax, IVI=6.54%; Vitex trifolia Linn. IVI=6.13%; Macaranga javanika Hk. F., IVI=6.09%; Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R. Br. Ex Wall., IVI=6.05%; Lithocarpus javensis Blume, IVI=S.10%; Symplocos spicata Roxb., IVI=4.72%; and Chisocheton patens Blume, IVI=3.08%.

Kata Kunci : Taksonomi, Komposisi, Kelimpahan