PENILAIAN IKLIM KEAMANAN PANGAN: UJI PILOT PADA INDUSTRI PANGAN OLAHAN SKALA MIKRO DAN KECIL DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Taufiq Ali Murtadho, Dr. Lily Arsanti Lestari, S.T.P., M.P.; Digna Niken Purwaningrum, S.Gz., M.P.H., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar belakang. Pendekatan keamanan pangan berbasis perilaku melalui pembentukan iklim dan budaya keamanan pangan menjadi alternatif jaminan keamanan pangan. Pada formulir penilaian CPPOB telah terdapat penilaian aspek budaya keamanan pangan, namun belum ada instrumen untuk menilai level budaya keamanan pangan di industri pangan olahan.

Tujuan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan adaptasi lintas budaya terhadap instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan versi asli, mengetahui validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan versi Bahasa Indonesia, dan mengetahui hubungan antara iklim keamanan pangan dengan rating CPPOB pada industri pangan olahan skala mikro dan kecil di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Metode. Penelitian dilakukan melalui 2 tahap, yaitu adaptasi lintas budaya instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan yang dikembangkan oleh De Boeck et al. ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan kajian pakar untuk menguji validitas konten dan penelitian cross sectional berupa uji pilot pada industri pangan olahan skala mikro dan kecil untuk menguji validitas konstruk, validitas prediktif, dan reliabilitas instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan versi Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan pada 15 industri pangan olahan di Kabupaten Sleman, Kabupaten Bantul, dan Kota Yogyakarta dengan jumlah responden 68 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan terdiri dari 28 item pernyataan dengan pilihan jawaban skala Likert 1 sampai 5.

Hasil. Instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan versi Bahasa Indonesia telah memenuhi validitas konten oleh kajian pakar, uji validitas konstruk yang dinilai dengan r hitung (p<0>0.3), uji validitas prediktif dengan Kruskal-Wallis (p<0>Cronbach's Alpha (?>0.6). Didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi skor iklim keamanan pangan, maka semakin baik rating CPPOB industri. 

Kesimpulan. Instrumen penilaian iklim keamanan pangan versi Bahasa Indonesia telah valid dan reliabel dan dapat digunakan sebagai pelengkap penilaian penerapan CPPOB dan penilaian mandiri bagi industri pangan olahan.

Background. A behavior-based food safety approach through the establishment of a food safety climate and culture is an alternative to food safety assurance. The CPPOB assessment form has assessed aspects of food safety culture, but there is no instrument to assess the level of food safety culture in the processed food industry.

Objectives. This study aims to conduct cross-cultural adaptation of the original version of the food safety climate assessment instrument, determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the food safety climate assessment instrument, and determine the relationship between the food safety climate and the assessment results of CPPOB implementation in micro and small-scale processed food industries in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Methods. The research was conducted through 2 stages, cross-cultural adaptation of the food safety climate assessment instrument developed by De Boeck et al. into Bahasa Indonesia and expert review and pilot tests in micro and small scale processed food industries to test validity and reliability of the instrument. The research was conducted in 15 processed food industries in Sleman Regency, Bantul Regency and Yogyakarta City with a total of 68 respondents. The instrument consisted of 28 statement items with Likert scale 1 – 5.

Results. The Bahasa Indonesia  version of food safety climate assessment instrument has met content validity by expert review, construct validity test assessed by r count (p<0>0.3), predictive validity test with Kruskal-Wallis (p<0>0.6). It was found that the higher the food safety climate score, the better the CPPOB rating of processed food industries. 

Conclusions. The Bahasa Indonesia version of the food safety climate assessment instrument is valid and reliable and can be used as a complement to the assessment of CPPOB implementation and self-assessment for the processed food industry.

Kata Kunci : penilaian iklim keamanan pangan, budaya keamanan pangan, dimensi, instrumen/food safety climate assessment, food safety culture, dimensions, instrument