Potensi Isolat Aktinomisetes Dari Tanah Pulau Enggano Sebagai Sumber Antibiotik
Delvi Sara Jihan Pahira, Prof. Dr. Mustofa M.Kes.,Apt; Prof.rer.nat Triana Hertiani M.Si., Apt; Prof. Dr. Puspita Lisdiyanti, M.Agr.Chem
2023 | Disertasi | S3 Kedokteran Umum
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Background: The increasing antibiotic resistance requires discovering new antibiotics for treating infectious diseases. One effort that can be made is to explore the active compounds of microorganisms. One of the microorganisms known to produce antibiotics is actinomycetes. Purpose: This study aims to determine actinomycetes isolates from Enggano Island that has the potential to be developed as a producer of new antibiotic compounds using a multivariate analysis approach that combines activity data, taxonomic differences, and chemical profiles. Methods: This study explored 15 isolates from the LIPI InaCC collection from Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, with stages including cultivation, identification of the 16S rRNA gene, construction of a phylogenetic tree, screening of agar chips, fermentation, extraction using ethyl acetate, activity test of the extract. By diffusion, extract by microdilution test, cytotoxicity test on Vero cells, densitometry TLC profile analysis, LC-MS, and chemometric analysis. Results: The results showed that the genetic characteristics of actinomycetes isolate with 16S rRNA gene sequences from 15 isolates belonging to the Streptomyces genus produced four different species, namely S. hydrogenates, S. coelicolor, S. xylanilyticus, and S. koyangensis. The test results showed antibacterial and antifungal activity based on inhibition of E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans. Four extracts, namely S. hydrogenates SMP 12.4.1, S. koyangensis SHP 9-3, S. hydrogenates SHP 22-1a, and S. coelicolor SHP 2-2, were not toxic to Vero cells. The chemometric analysis results showed that the extracts' profiles were close to each other. However, one fermented extract, namely S. koyangensis SHP code 9-3, was different. S. koyangensis SHP 9-3 has activity as an antibacterial and antifungal against E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus, B. subtilis, and C. albicans in medium-strong category; LC-MS/MS results showed cyclo (Pro-Val), curaramine, 1,4-diphenyl-1-pentanone, 3S,4S)-4-amino acid-3-hydroxy-6-methyl heptanoate, and 2-ethyl- 8-2,8-diazaspiro (4,5) dean-1,3-dion. The results showed that the exploratory method, by combining biological activity and molecular and chemical profiles using a multivariate analysis approach, can identify potential antibiotic sources from actinomycetes.
Kata Kunci : Antibiotik, Aktinomisetes, Streptomyces, Metabolit sekunder, Gen 16S rRNA