KESIAPAN PENERAPAN REGISTER IMUNISASI ELEKTRONIK NASIONAL DI PROVINSI BANTEN DAN MALUKU UTARA
Pama Rahmadewi, Lukman Heryawan, S.T., M.T., Ph.D.; dr. Lutfan Lazuardi, M.Kes., Ph.D.
2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER KEBIJAKAN DAN MANAJEMEN KESEHATAN
Latar Belakang:
program imunisasi terbukti efektif dan efisien dalam pemberian layanan
kesehatan, namun dalam
pelaksanaannya banyak tantangan yang masih ditemui antara lain terkait capaian
target imunisasi dan peningkatan pelayanan imunisasi. Pandemi Covid 19 membuat
sistem kesehatan nasional Indonesia bertransformasi diantaranya
transformasi teknologi kesehatan yang salah satunya diwujudkan dengan
digitalisasi data kesehatan. Pada program imunisasi, Tahun 2022 Kementerian
Kesehatan R.I. meluncurkan aplikasi SehatIndonesiaKu (ASIK) sebagai Register
Imunisasi Elektronik (RIE) nasional. Penilaian kesiapan perlu dilakukan pada
penerapan RIE nasional agar optimal.
Tujuan: mengeksplorasi
kesiapan dalam penerapan RIE nasional di Provinsi Banten dan Maluku Utara.
Metode:
merupakan penelitian deskriptif, menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan metode Rapid Assessment Procedures (RAP).
Informan penelitian adalah pengelola program imunisasi di Provinsi Banten dan
Maluku Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka konsep dengan mengadopsi
teori Readiness Assessment of Electronic
Health Records Implementation untuk mengeksplorasi kesiapan aspek budaya
organisasi, manajemen dan kepemimpinan, operasional, dan teknis. Instrumen yang
digunakan untuk pengambilan data yaitu Kuesioner Skrining, Panduan FGD, Daftar
Pertanyaan Wawancara, dan Lembar Observasi. Informasi tentang kesiapan
penerapan RIE nasional diperoleh melalui Focus
Group Discussion (FGD) dan diskusi wawancara pada kunjungan lapangan. Data kemudian dianalisis secara
kualitatif. Proses analisis konten untuk
menentukan kode, kategori dan tema pada penelitian ini menggunakan perangkat
lunak OpenCode 4.02.
Hasil: Kesiapan
penerapan RIE nasional pada aspek budaya organisasi dapat dilihat dari
penerimaan ASIK sebagai aplikasi RIE nasional dan ada strategi adopsi yang
dipilih di 2 provinsi tersebut. Pada aspek manajemen dan kepemimpinan penjagaan
kualitas data imunisasi telah dilakukan melalui monitoring, konfirmasi,
validasi, dan evaluasi. Kesiapan aspek operasional terlihat dari implementasi
ASIK yang dimulai dengan piloting nasional untuk pelaksanaan BIAN 2022
dilanjutkan piloting ASIK untuk imunisasi rutin di beberapa provinsi terpilih
salah satunya di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Sedangkan pada aspek teknis adanya
inovasi aplikasi terkait imunisasi di daerah menunjukkan daerah cukup
berpengalaman dengan sistem informasi imunisasi.
Kesimpulan: Kesiapan untuk penerapan RIE nasional cukup
potensial, namun perlu dukungan lebih dari kepala daerah, regulasi, SOP dan
alur kerja sebagai acuan penerapan RIE nasional, penyempurnaan pada aplikasi
RIE nasional dan kendala lain diluar sistem, serta peningkatan keterampilan
digital bagi pengelola imunisasi untuk mengatasi permasalahan dan menjaga
keberlangsungan sistem. Strategi penerapan RIE nasional direkomendasikan untuk
mendukung keberhasilan program.
Background: Immunization
programs have proven to be effective and efficient in providing health
services, but in practice, many challenges are still encountered, among them
those related to achieving immunization targets and improving immunization
services. The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed Indonesia's national health
system, including the transformation of health technology, one of which is
realized by digitizing health data. In the immunization program, in 2022, the
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia launched the SehatIndonesiaKu
(ASIK) application as a national Electronic Immunization Register (EIR).
Readiness assessment needs to be carried out on the application of national RIE
so that it is optimal.
Objective: explore
readiness for implementing national EIR in Banten and North Maluku Provinces.
Methods: is
a descriptive study using a qualitative design with the Rapid Assessment
Procedures (RAP) method. Research informants are immunization program managers
in Banten and North Maluku Provinces. This research uses a conceptual framework
by adopting the theory of readiness assessment of electronic health records
implementation to explore the readiness aspects of organizational culture,
management and leadership, operational, and technical. The instruments used for
data collection were screening questionnaires, FGD guidelines, interview
questionnaires, and observation sheets. Information about the readiness to
implement national RIE was obtained through focus group discussions (FGD) and
interview discussions during site visits. The data was then analyzed qualitatively.
The content analysis process used to determine codes, categories, and themes in
this study uses OpenCode 4.02 software.
Results: The
readiness to implement national EIR in terms of organizational culture can be
seen from the acceptance of ASIK as a national EIR and the adoption strategies
chosen in the two provinces. In the aspect of management and leadership,
maintenance of the quality of immunization data has been carried out through
monitoring, confirmation, validation, and evaluation. The readiness of the
operational aspect can be seen from the implementation of ASIK, which began
with national piloting for the implementation of BIAN 2022, followed by ASIK
piloting for routine immunization in several selected provinces, one of which
is in North Maluku Province. On the technical aspect, there are application
innovations related to immunization in the regions, indicating that the regions
are quite experienced with immunization information systems.
Conclusion: The readiness for implementing national EIR is
quite potential, but it needs more support from regional heads, regulations,
SOPs, and workflow as a reference for implementing national EIR, improvements
to national EIR applications, and other constraints outside the system, as well
as increasing digital skills for immunization managers to overcome problems and
maintain system continuity. A national EIR implementation strategy is
recommended to support the program's success.
Kata Kunci : Readiness Assessment, Electronic Immunization Registry, Electronic Health Record, Imunisasi, Implementasi