Persepsi dan Pengalaman Tenaga Kefarmasian terhadap Pengelolaan Vaksin di Puskesmas Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur

Pujiastuti Wahidah, apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H., Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Pengelolaan vaksin di Puskesmas perlu diperhatikan agar ketersediaan vaksin di fasilitas kesehatan dapat terjamin. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang menyediakan vaksin harus memperhatikan berbagai proses pengelolaan vaksin. Tenaga kefarmasian memiliki peran dalam menjamin keamanan, mutu dan khasiat vaksin mulai dari penerimaan, penyimpanan dan distribusi hingga saat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui persepsi dan pengalaman tenaga kefarmasian terhadap pengelolaan vaksin di Puskesmas Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Pengumpulan data diperoleh dari wawancara mendalam kepada 15 partisipan yang terdiri dari 9 Apoteker dan 6 Tenaga Teknis Kefarmasian (TTK) yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil wawancara dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi tenaga kefarmasian terhadap peran dalam pengelolaan vaksin yaitu mampu menjamin mutu dan memastikan keamanan vaksin, menjamin ketersediaan vaksin dan pengelolaan vaksin lebih terkontrol. Pengalaman tenaga kefarmasian dalam praktik pengelolaan vaksin yaitu proses seleksi, perencanaan, pengadaan, penerimaan, penyimpanan, distribusi dan pencatatan dan pelaporan vaksin yang terintegrasi dengan program Imunisasi. Pengalaman tenaga kefarmasian terhadap penggunaan aplikasi smile yaitu pencatatan secara real time, perlu penyesuaian, perlu pengembangan fitur dan penggunaan yang efektif dalam melakukan ketertelusuran vaksin. Faktor pendukung dalam pengelolaan vaksin terdiri dari peningkatan kapasitas SDM dan Kebijakan One Gate Policy. Hambatan dalam pengelolaan vaksin terdiri dari peningkatan beban kerja, koordinasi dan kolaborasi tenaga kesehatan dan supply listrik.

It is necessary to pay attention to the management of vaccines at the Puskesmas so that the availability of vaccines at health facilities can be guaranteed. Health care facilities that provide vaccines must pay attention to various vaccine management processes. Pharmaceutical personnel have a role in ensuring the safety, quality and efficacy of vaccines starting from receipt, storage and distribution to the time of use. This study aims to determine the perceptions and experiences of pharmacists regarding vaccine management at the East Kotawaringin District Health Center. This study uses a qualitative research design. Data collection was obtained from in-depth interviews with 15 participants consisting of 9 pharmacists and 6 pharmaceutical technical staff who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. The results of the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results of the study show that the perceptions of pharmaceutical staff regarding their role in vaccine management are being able to guarantee quality and ensure vaccine safety, ensure vaccine availability and vaccine management is more controlled. Experience of pharmacists in vaccine management practices, namely the process of selecting, planning, procuring, receiving, storing, distributing and recording and reporting vaccines that are integrated with the immunization program. The experience of the pharmaceutical staff in using the smile application, namely recording in real time, needs adjustments, needs development of features and effective use in conducting vaccine traceability. Supporting factors in vaccine management consist of increasing human resource capacity and the One Gate Policy. Obstacles in vaccine management consist of increased workload, coordination and collaboration of health workers and electricity supply.

Kata Kunci : kualitatif, one gate policy, pengelolaan vaksin, tenaga kefarmasian