Cost Of Illness COVID-19 Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Akademik UGM Yogyakarta Periode Juli-Desember 2021

Amsaline Vingky Hutahaean, Prof. Dr. apt. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp.FRS ; apt. Anna Wahyuni Widayanti, M.P.H

2023 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

COVID-19 menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Tingginya jumlah kasus COVID-19 di Indonesia berdampak dalam segi finansial, mengingat biaya penangangan rawat inap ditanggung pemerintah. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis total biaya medik langsung dan komponennya serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biaya pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di RSA UGM Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik berdasarkan perspektif rumah sakit. Data yang digunakan diambil secara retrospektif dari rekam medik pasien, data rincian biaya pengobatan pasien dan berkas klaim pasien rawat inap dengan diagnosa COVID-19 periode Juli – Desember 2021. Analisis data terdiri dari univariat (analisis deskriptif), bivariat (uji Mann Whitney dan uji Kruskal Wallis) dan multivariat (uji statistik regresi linear). 

Hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah pasien COVID-19 rawat inap sebanyak 104 sampel dengan total biaya medik langsung Rp 2.346.150.137 dengan rata-rata biaya per pasien Rp 22.559.154 ± 14.956.884. Komponen biaya penyusun tertinggi yaitu biaya obat dan BMHP Rp 958.410.599 (40,85%) dengan rata-rata biaya per pasien 9.269.924 ± 8.129.686. Terdapat perbedaan biaya medik langsung dari faktor usia (p- value 0,023), LOS (p-value 0,000), derajat keparahan (p-value 0,000), keparahan komorbid (p-value 0,011), dan penggunaan antiviral (p-value 0,000). Secara statistik, faktor yang mempengaruhi total biaya medik langsung meliputi lama rawat inap dan derajat keparahan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengurangan biaya total medik langsung sebesar Rp 19.079.329 yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor pada model regresi. 

COVID-19 has become a pandemic worldwide, including in Indonesia. The high number of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia has had an impact on the financial side, considering that the government is paying for hospitalization. The aim of the study was to analyze the total direct medical costs and their components as well as the factors that affect the costs of inpatient COVID-19 patients at RSA UGM Yogyakarta. 

This research is an analytic observational study based on a hospital perspective. The data used was collected retrospectively from patient medical records, detailed data on patient medical expenses and inpatient claim files with a diagnosis of COVID-19 for the period July – December 2021. Data analysis consisted of univariate (descriptive analysis), bivariate (Mann Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis test) and multivariate (linear regression statistical test). 

The results showed that the number of inpatients with COVID-19 was 104 samples with a total direct medical cost of Rp. 2,346,150,137 with an average cost per patient of Rp. 22,559,154 ± 14,956,884. The highest cost component is the cost of drugs and BMHP IDR 958,410,599 (40.85%) with an average cost per patient of 9,269,924 ± 8,129,686. There are differences in direct medical costs from age (p-value 0.023), LOS (p-value 0.000), degree of severity (p-value 0.000), comorbid severity (p-value 0.011), and antiviral use (p-value 0.000) . Statistically, the factors that affect the total direct medical costs include length of stay and degree of severity. It can be concluded that there is a reduction in total direct medical costs of IDR 19,079,329 which is influenced by factors in the regression model. 

Kata Kunci : COVID-19, cost of illness, perspektif rumah sakit, rawat inap.