Pengaruh Limbah Cair Pabrik Tahu terhadap Struktur Makroanatomi Insang Ikan Cetol (Gambusia affinis S.F. Baird & Girard, 1853)
Ashari Puspita Dewi, Zuliyati Rohmah, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D. Eng.
2023 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Kulonprogo mempunyai
sungai yang panjang, yaitu Sungai Progo. Sungai ini memiliki beberapa
anak sungai, hulu dari Gunung
Sindoro di Jawa Tengah dan hilir ke Samudera Hindia. Banyak manusia
memanfaatkan keberadaan sungai untuk berbagai aktivitas seperti memancing,
sumber air pertanian, sumber air untuk konsumsi, dan pariwisata. Air limbah
mengandung berbagai zat organik dan anorganik beracun. Tujuan yang akan
diperoleh dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kerusakan insang ikan cetol (Gambusia affinis) yang hidup di sungai yang
tercemar limbah cair pabrik tahu; dan mengetahui struktur morfologi
insang ikan akibat limbah pabrik tahu; serta mengetahui perbedaan tingkat
kerusakan insang ikan dengan radius yang berbeda dari sumber pencemaran.
Pengambilan
sampel dilakukan di sungai dekat pabrik tahu di bawah Jembatan Kaliwiru I, Desa
Tuksono, Kecamatan Sentolo, Kabupaten Kulonprogo. Lokasi sampling dibagi
menjadi tiga, dengan masing-masing berjarak 50 meter. Titik pertama berada di
area 50-meter sebelum outlet limbah, titik kedua berada tepat di area
pembuangan limbah, dan titik ketiga berada 50-meter setelah titik kedua. Hasil
penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa air sungai yang mengandung limbah cair
industri tahu memiliki pengaruh terhadap insang ikan, yaitu menyebabkan ikan
Gambusia kesulitan bernapas sehingga insang berubah warna, peningkatan lendir
pada lamellae, dan lamellae menyatu (fusi).
One of Kulonprogo river is namely the Progo River. This river has
several tributaries, upstream from Mount Sindoro in Central Java and downstream
into the Indian Ocean. Many people take advantage of the existence of rivers
for various activities such as fishing, water sources for weapons, water
sources for consumption, and tourism. Wastewater contains a variety of toxic
organic and inorganic substances. The objective of this research is to
determine the damage to the gills of cetol fish (Gambusia affinis) that
live in rivers polluted by tofu factory wastewater; and knowing the
morphological structure of fish gills due to tofu factory waste; as well as
knowing the difference in the level of damage to the gills of fish with a
different radius from the pollution source.
In this research, sampling was carried out in the river near the tofu
factory under the Kaliwiru I Bridge, Tuksono Village, Sentolo District,
Kulonprogo Regency. The sampling locations were divided into three, with each
being 50 meters apart. The first point is in the area 50 meters before the
waste outlet, the second point is in the waste disposal area, and the third
point is exactly 50 meters after the second point. The results of this study
indicate that river water containing tofu industrial wastewater has an effect
on fish gills, which causes Gambusia fish to have difficulty breathing so that
the gills change color, increase in mucus in the lamellae, and the lamellae
fuse (fusion).
Kata Kunci : insang, limbah cair, ikan cetol, sungai