Analisis Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Bunga Lempuyang Wangi (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. subsp. zerumbet) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
Zaky Raihan, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr.
2023 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI
Indonesia memiliki keanekaragaman flora dan fauna yang berlimpah. Terdapat
ribuan jenis tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional.
Saat ini penelitian mengenai manfaat tumbuhan telah banyak dilakukan oleh ahli
dan masih tetap berlanjut karena banyak tanaman yang belum secara lengkap
dieksplorasi potensinya. Salah satu tanaman yang memiliki potensi tinggi yaitu
lempuyang wangi (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. subsp. zerumbet).
Lempuyang wangi banyak diteliti bagian rhizomanya, namun tidak dengan
bunganya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti tertarik menganalisis komponen
senyawa kimia ekstrak bunga lempuyang wangi dan menganalisis aktivitas
antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis karena bakteri ini mampu
menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan di kulit kepala. Penelitian ini dilakukan
pada bulan Maret-Juni 2023 di Laboratorium Biokimia dan FALITMA UGM.
Penelitian dimulai dengan ekstraksi bunga lempuyang wangi, skrining fitokimia
ekstrak, dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi cakram. Data
dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal Wallis dan Uji Post hoc di aplikasi Microsoft Excel
365 dan SPSS v.25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bunga lempuyang wangi positif
mengandung senyawa flavonoid, saponin, tanin, polifenol, dan triterpenoid.
Ekstrak bunga lempuyang wangi konsentrasi 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%, dan 64%
memiliki zona hambat secara berturut sebesar 0 mm, 0,67 mm, 1,67 mm , 4,33
mm, dan 5 mm. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan maka dapat
disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bunga lempuyang wangi terbukti mengandung
senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonoid, saponin, tanin, polifenol, dan triterpenoid
dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang rendah.
Indonesia has an abundant diversity of flora and fauna. There are thousands of
types of plants used by the community as traditional medicine. Currently, research
on potency of plants has been carried out by many experts and is still ongoing
because many plants have not fully explored their potential. One of the plants that
has high potential in the health sector is bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe
ex Sm. subsp. zerumbet). Bitter ginger has been extensively studied for its rhizomes,
but not for its flowers. Based on this, the researchers were interested in analyzing
the chemical components of the bitter ginger flower extract and analyzing its
antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis because these bacteria
can cause various problems on the scalp. This research was conducted in MarchJune 2023 at the Biochemistry Laboratory and FALITMA UGM. The study was
started by extracting bitter ginger flowers, screening the extract for
phytochemicals, and testing the antibacterial activity using the disc diffusion
method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and the Post hoc test in
Microsoft Excel 365 and SPSS v.25 software. The results showed that bitter
ginger flower positively contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and
triterpenoids. Bitter ginger flower extract concentrations of 4%, 8%, 16%, 32%,
and 64% had inhibition zones of 0 mm, 0.67 mm, 1.67 mm, 4.33 mm, and 5 mm
respectively. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be
concluded that bitter ginger flower extract is proven to contain secondary
metabolites of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and triterpenoids and
has low antibacterial activity.
Kata Kunci : antibakteri, ekstrak, metabolit sekunder, Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. subsp. zerumbet