Peran UPFC pada Peningkatan Stabilitas Sistem Tenaga Listrik Mesin Tunggal Melalui Kendali POD dan PSS

Naufal Yanzami, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sasongko Pramono H, DEA. ; Ir. Lesnanto Multa Putranto, S.T., M.Eng., Ph.D., IPM.

2023 | Skripsi | TEKNIK ELEKTRO

Kebutuhan tenaga listrik semakin hari semakin meningkat. Akibatnya, peningkatan kebutuhan beban listrik dapat mengancam kestabilitasan sistem tenaga listrik karena kelebihan beban pada jaringan transmisi tenaga listrik. Hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan penyaluran tenaga listrik dari pembangkit menuju pusat beban menjadi terganggu. Untuk menjaga stabilitas sistem tenaga listrik tersebut, perlu memaksimalkan penyaluran daya pada jalur transmisi tenaga listrik.

Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) diciptakan untuk meningkatkan penyaluran daya pada sistem transmisi tenaga listrik. Salah satu jenis FACTS yang cocok digunakan adalah UPFC. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis kestabilan sistem single machine infinite bus (SMIB). Penggunaan SMIB memungkinkan untuk mempelajari berbagai fenomena yang terjadi pada generator seperti osilasi elektromekanis, stabilitas transien, dan respons terhadap gangguan sistem. Dengan menggunakan model SMIB dapat menganalisis parameter dan pengendali generator, seperti kestabilan tegangan dan frekuensi, torsi mekanik, reaktivitas, dan transfer daya antara generator dan infinite bus. Agar mampu meredam osilasi yang lebih baik, digunakan peralatan kendali sistem tenaga listrik yaitu power system stabilizer (PSS) yang memberikan umpan pada sistem eksistasi mesin dan power oscillation damping (POD) yang memberikan umpan pada UPFC. Perhitungan parameter kendali dilakukan dengan metode genetic algorithm (GA).

Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tenaga mesin tunggal yang terpasang UPFC serta tambahan kendali POD dan PSS mampu meningkatkan kestabilan sistem dengan menghasilkan penurunan nilai osilasi awal yang memengaruhi overshoot, penurunan settling time, dan meredam osilasi.

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day. Consequently, the increasing electrical load requirements can threaten the stability of the power system due to the overload on the power transmission network. This can disrupt the transmission of electrical power from the generators to the load centers. To maintain the stability of the power system, it is necessary to maximize power transmission on the power transmission lines.

Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) was developed to enhance power transmission in electrical power transmission systems. One suitable type of FACTS device is the unified power flow controller (UPFC). The research was conducted by analyzing the stability of the single machine infinite bus (SMIB) system. The use of SMIB allows for the study of various phenomena that occur in the generator, such as electromechanical oscillations, transient stability, and the system’s response to disturbances. By using the SMIB model, researchers can analyze generator parameters and controls, such as voltage and frequency stability, mechanical torque, reactivity, and power transfer between the generator and infinite bus. To improve oscillation damping, power system control devices such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) were employed to provide feedback on machine excitation, and Power Oscillation Damping (POD) was utilized to provide feedback on the UPFC. The calculation of control parameters was performed using the genetic algorithm method.

The research results show that the single-machine power system equipped with UPFC and additional control using POD and PSS can improve system stability by reducing the initial oscillation values that affect overshoot, reducing settling time, and damping oscillations.

Kata Kunci : Single Machine Infinite Bus (SMIB), Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS&), Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), Power Oscillation Damping (POD), Power System Stabilizer (PSS)