Disparitas Pendapatan Antar Kabupaten dan Potensi Subsektor Pertanian Unggulan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi Covid-19

Jeanette Putri Raniya, Arini Wahyu Utami, S.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.; Dr. Hani Perwitasari, S.P., M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | SOS.EK. PERTANIAN (AGROBISNIS)

Peristiwa Pandemi Covid-19 merupakan guncangan besar bagi perekonomian dunia, termasuk Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pandemi tersebut menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan perekonomian secara drastis dan berpotensi untuk meningkatkan angka disparitas pendapatan. Di sisi lain, sektor pertanian di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tumbuh positif selama Pandemi Covid-19, ketika hampir seluruh sektor mengalami kontraksi. Perlu diketahui lebih lanjut subsektor pertanian yang dapat mendorong pertumbuhan sektor pertanian dan menurunkan angka disparitas pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sebelum dan selama Pandemi Covid-19, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten, dan mengetahui subsektor unggulan pertanian sebelum dan selama Pandemi Covid-19 pada kabupaten-kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder dari empat kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta dari tahun 1997-2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Indeks Williamson, analisis regresi linear berganda Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Location Quotient, dan Dynamic Location Quotient. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta selama Pandemi Covid-19 lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sebelum pandemi. Peningkatan nilai PDRB sektor pertanian per kapita dapat menurunkan disparitas pendapatan, peningkatan nilai IPM dan investasi PMDN dapat meningkatkan disparitas pendapatan, sedangkan peningkatan TPT tidak berpengaruh terhadap disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Keadaan subsektor pertanian unggulan/basis pada kabupaten-kabupaten di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yaitu 1) Kabupaten Sleman: subsektor peternakan, jasa pertanian, dan hortikultura; 2) Kabupaten Gunungkidul: subsektor tanaman pangan dan kehutanan; 3) Kabupaten Kulon Progo: subsektor tanaman perkebunan, kehutanan, peternakan, dan perikanan; dan 4) Kabupaten Bantul: subsektor tanaman pangan, tanaman hortikultura, dan peternakan.

The Covid-19 Pandemic was a major shock to the world economy, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The pandemic has caused a drastic decline in economic growth and has the potential to increase income disparity. On the other hand, the agricultural sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta grew positively during the Covid-19 Pandemic, when almost all sectors contracted. It is necessary to know more about agricultural sub-sectors that can encourage the growth of the agricultural sector and reduce income disparity. This study aims to determine the income disparity between regency in the Special Region of Yogyakarta before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic, to determine the factors that affect income disparity between regency, and to determine the leading agricultural sub-sectors before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic in regencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The data used is secondary data from four regencies in the Special Region of Yogyakarta from 1997-2021. The analysis methods used are Williamson Index, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression analysis, Location Quotient, and Dynamic Location Quotient. The results of the analysis show that income disparity between regency in the Special Region of Yogyakarta during the Covid-19 Pandemic is higher than before the pandemic. An increase in the value of agricultural GRDP per capita can reduce income disparity, an increase in HDI and domestic investment can increase income disparity, while an increase in open unemployment rate has no effect on income disparity between regency in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The leading/base agricultural sub-sectors in the regencies of the Special Region of Yogyakarta are 1) Sleman Regency: livestock, agricultural services, and horticulture sub-sectors; 2) Gunungkidul Regency: food crops and forestry sub-sectors; 3) Kulon Progo Regency: plantation crops, forestry, livestock, and fisheries sub-sectors; and 4) Bantul Regency: food crops, horticultural crops, and livestock sub-sectors.

Kata Kunci : Pandemi Covid-19, disparitas pendapatan antar kabupaten, sektor pertanian, PDRB sektor pertanian per kapita, IPM, TPT, investasi PMDN, subsektor pertanian unggulan