KARAKTERISASI DAN AUTENTIKASI MINYAK IKAN LELE (Clarias gariepinus) SERTA PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN EMULSI
Karina Primatyas Ningrum, Prof. Dr. apt. Abdul Rohman, M.Si ; Dr. rer. nat. Ronny Martien, M.Si.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi
Ikan lele merupakan salah satu komoditas
budidaya ikan tawar. Tingginya produksi ikan lele menjadikan peluang untuk pemanfaatan
ikan lele sebagai sumber bahan baku dari minyak ikan. Minyak ikan lele (MIL) diperoleh
dari proses ekstraksi daging ikan lele dan memiliki kandungan Poly
Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA)
tinggi sehinggi memiliki dampak baik bagi kesehatan. Minyak ikan mempunyai bau
yang tidak menyenangkan sehingga perlu diformulasikan dalam sediaan farmasetik
yang acceptable seperti dalam emulsi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk
mengetahui karakteristik MIL, menganalisis minyak pemalsu yang dapat menurunkan
kualitas MIL, serta memformulasikan sediaan emulsi MIL yang berkualitas, stabil
dan dapat diterima di pasar Indonesia.
MIL diekstraksi dengan metode dry
rendering dan pressing lalu dilakukan pemurnian (tanpa perlakuan dan
bentonit). Karakteristik MIL meliputi uji warna, penentuan bilangan asam,
bilangan peroksida, bilangan iodium, bilangan penyabunan dan profil asam
lemaknya. Analisis pemalsuan dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektroskopi
inframerah daerah dekat dan tengah yang dikombinasikan kemometrika. Formulasi
sediaan emulsi MIL menggunakan design expert metode simple lattice
design untuk mendapatkan formula yang paling optimal dengan dilakukan
evaluasi sediaan.
Catfish is one of the fresh fish
cultivation commodities. The high production of catfish creates an opportunity
for the utilization of catfish as a source of raw materials from fish oil.
Catfish oil (MIL) is obtained from the extraction process of catfish meat and
has a high content of Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) so that it has a good
impact on health. Fish oil has an unpleasant odor that needs to be formulated
in acceptable pharmaceutical preparations such as in emulsions. The purpose of
this study was to determine the characteristics of MIL, to analyze counterfeit
oil that could reduce MIL quality, and to formulate high quality, stable and
acceptable MIL emulsion preparations in the Indonesian market.
MIL was extracted by dry rendering and pressing methods and then purified (without treatment and bentonite). MIL characteristics include color test, determination of acid number, peroxide number, iodine number, saponification number and fatty acid profile. Spurious analysis was performed using near and mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. The MIL emulsion formulation uses a design expert using the simple lattice design method to obtain the most optimal formula by evaluating the preparation.
The results of the characteristics of MIL without purification and purification with bentonite have a brighter yellow color for bentonite, with an acid number range between 1.61-2.14 mg KOH/g, peroxide number between 4.49-5.65 meq O2/kg, iodine between 82.43-83.27 g I2/100g, and saponification number between 175.86-186.23 mg KOH/g. The dominant MIL fatty acid profile is oleic acid, palmitic acid and linoleic acid. MIL resulting from purification of bentonite was chosen as the selected oil, taking into account that it has good quality in characterization numbers and contains high fatty acids. The optimal MIL emulsion formula consists of tween 80 1,000 g; span 80 1.063 g; and xanthan gum 0.992 g with a pH response of 6.07, a viscosity of 772.513 dPas, and a separation fraction of 1. Authentication with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) succeeded in separating MIL from counterfeiting agents properly. Multivariate calibration on FT-MIR gives the best quantitation model using the Partial Least Square (PLS) technique at wave numbers 4000-600 cm-1 with the second derivative spectra model with an R2 value of 0.9999; RMSEC 0.0041; and RMSEP 0.0087. Multivariate calibration on Vis-NIRS gives the best quantitation model using the PLS technique at wave numbers 680-2600 nm-1 with the first derivative spectra model with a value of R2 = 0.990; RMSEC 0.0638; and RMSEP 0.0113. The characterization successfully demonstrated the quality and characteristics of the MIL obtained. Authentication with FT-MIR and Vis-NIRS spectrophotometry combined with chemometrics provides results that are fast, accurate, and provide low errors. Optimization succeeded in providing a formula that showed the best emulsion quality.
Kata Kunci : Minyak ikan lele, Karakterisasi, Autentikasi, Emulsi Minyak Ikan Lele