Populasi Hama Perusak Daun dan Perusak Polong Pada Enam Varietas Kedelai Hitam (Glycine max)

Iasha Nuraini, Dr. Tri Harjaka, S.P., M.P.

2023 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Salah satu kunci dalam keberhasilan budidaya kedelai adalah ketahanan varietas kedelai terhadap serangan hama. Serangan hama pada tanaman kedelai hitam belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi hama perusak daun dan perusak polong serta tingkat kerusakan pada enam varietas kedelai hitam. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Donokerto, Kecamatan Turi, Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan perlakuan 6 varietas kedelai hitam yaitu Mallika (Mallika, varian Mallika No. 1, varian Mallika No. 4, varian Mallika No. 8), Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, dan Detam 4, serta Cikuray. Parameter yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, jumlah bunga, jumlah polong, bobot per 100 biji, hama dan kerusakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hama yang ditemukan yaitu hama penggulung daun (Lamprosema indicata), ulat bulu (Orgyia sp.), ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura), dan perusak polong (Etiella Zinckenella). Intensitas kerusakan daun tertinggi yaitu Detam 1 dan intensitas terendah yaitu varian Mallika No.1, sedangkan kerusakan polong tertinggi yaitu varietas Detam 4 dan kerusakan terendah yaitu varian Mallika No. 8.

One of the key factors for successful soybean cultivation is the resistance of soybean varieties to pests. However, there have been limited reports on pest attacks specifically on black soybean plants. This study aims to determine the population of leaf defoliator and pod borer, as well as the level of damage, in six varieties of black soybean. The research was conducted in Donokerto Village, Turi Subdistrict, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. The research was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments: Mallika (Mallika, Mallika No. 1 variant, Mallika No. 4 variant, Mallika No. 8 variant), Detam 1, Detam 2, Detam 3, Detam 4, and Cikuray. The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, number of flowers, number of pods, weight per 100 seeds, pests, and damage. The results revealed the presence of leaf rollers (Lamprosema indicata), hairy caterpillars (Orgyia sp.), armyworms (Spodoptera litura), and pod borer (Etiella Zinckenella) as the pests found. The highest intensity of leaf damage was found on Detam 1, while the lowest intensity of damage was found on Mallika No.1. The highest intensity of pod damage was found on Detam 4, while the lowest intensity of pod damage was observed in Mallika No.8.

Kata Kunci : Kedelai hitam, Hama, Kerusakan