Aktivitas Sitotoksik Metabolit Sekunder dari Kultur Fungi Endofit Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) Terhadap Lini Sel Kanker
Ikra Agustina, Prof. Dr. apt. Puji Astuti, M.Sc; Prof. Dr.rer.nat. apt. Triana Hertiani, M.Si
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Farmasi
Cancer is a disease that is a global problem with a high prevalence and mortality rate. Indonesia has biodiversity with enormous potential as a medicinal ingredient. Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl) contains active metabolites with anticancer potential. Exploration of active compounds without causing ecological damage is a big challenge in realizing Green Pharmacy. One strategy that can be carried out is the use of endophytic microbes in plants capable of producing active metabolite compounds and possibly being similar to their host plants. This research aimed to find potential endophytic fungi as a producer of anticancer compounds from the Mahkota Dewa plant. Endophytic fungi were isolated from plant parts cultured using PDA media. Secondary metabolites were produced by fermentation using PDB for 14 days, then extracted liquid-liquid with ethyl acetate. Cytotoxic activity screening was carried out on ethyl acetate extract against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T47D), cervical cancer (HeLa), and normal cells (Vero) in vitro using the MTT assay. Identification of fungi was carried out on fungi isolates with potential cytotoxic activity. The compound content of the active extract was analyzed using LC-HRMS and followed by fractionation using VLC. Compound isolation was performed on the fraction with major compound, followed by cytotoxic activity assay, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis using the flow cytometry method. The endophytic fungus extracts with the best cytotoxic activity was PC-L2 extract derived from the leaf fungus P.macrocarpa against the MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 of 110.66 µg/mL. The endophytic fungus PC-L2 has been identified as Clonostachys wenpingi strain DUCC5606. Isolate 2 isolated from PC-L2 extract had a cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 107.04 µg/mL in MCF-7 cells and could modulate cell cycle arrest in the S phase. This isolate kills MCF-7 cells through an apoptotic mechanism.
Kata Kunci : Phaleria macrocarpa, Fungi endofit, Antikanker, Sitotoksik