KEKUATAN DAN KESETIAAN DALAM TRADISI SASTRA MELAYU KLASIK PEREMPUAN: KAJIAN TERHADAP HIKAYAT NAKHODA MUDA OR.1763
Diyah Prilly Upartini, Dr. Sudibyo, M.Hum
2023 | Tesis | S2 Sastra
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Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang diinginkan, penelitian ini melalui dua kajian. Kajian filologi dan kajian sastra. Kajian filologi berusaha untuk menyajikan teks agar terbaca serta pengumpulan data awal untuk analisis penyalin HNM Or.1763. Dalam usaha ini, analisis kodikologi juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian parateks Gerrard Gennette. Analisis teks sastra menggunakan kajian new historicism. Kajian ini berfokus pada puitika teks HNM dengan pembacaan paralel antar-teks. Analisis dibantu dengan data-data sekunder dari teks-teks sejarah dan kolofon naskah lain yang dianggap memiliki relevansi dengan teks HNM. Hal ini untuk mengetahui historisitas teks HNM Or.1763 yang diasumsikan menghadirkan kebenaran dan hakikat kemanusiaan pada masa HNM Or.1763 disalin.
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa teks HNM Or.1763 menyajikan perwujudan imajinasi perempuan pada paruh pertama abad-19. Representasi perempuan di dalam teks HNM Or.1763 dinarasikan sebagai seorang perempuan yang intelektual dan lebih superior dari tokoh laki-laki yang menjadi relasinya (suami dan ayah). Tokoh utama perempuan memiliki kesempatan untuk keluar dari situasi praktikal sehari-harinya. Meskipun begitu, ia tak bisa terlepas dari kerangka budaya Melayu secara sepenuhnya. Setelah ia berhasil menunaikan tuntutan yang diminta oleh tokoh laki-laki, ia harus kembali ke dalam tembok istana dimana ia harus berdiri sebagai seorang perempuan yang setia.
As the title implied, Strength and Loyalty in Women’s Classical Malay Literature: New Historicism Study of Hikayat Nakhoda Muda Or.1763 this study focused on the analysis of classical Malay literature works by using new historicism. The main source of this research is Hikayat Nakhoda Muda (HNM)’s text in manuscript Or.1763. HNM Or.1763 is a manuscript copied in Batavia in 1825. Batavia was a cosmopolitan city since the city become the administrative of the Dutch East Indies government. All works present in Batavia are assumed to have different cultural values from many works of classical Malay literature from Malay literary centers in Sumatera and the Malay Peninsula.
To get the desired result, this study went through two methodological studies which are philological method and literary method. Philology attempts to present the text in a legible manner and to collect preliminary data for the analysis of the copyists. In this endeavor, codicological analysis was also carried out using Gerrard Gennette’s paratext method. Analysis of literary texts using new historicism’s method. This study focuses on the poetics of HNM texts with parallel readings. The analysis was assisted by secondary data from historical texts and colophones from other manuscripts which were considered to have relevance to HNM’s text. This is to find out the historicity of the text of HNM Or.1763 which is assumed to present the real and essence of humanity at the time HNM Or.1763 was copied.
The results of the analysis show that the text HNM Or.1763 presents the embodiment of women's imagination in the first half of the 19th century. The representation of women in the text HNM Or.1763 is narrated as a woman who is intellectual and superior to the male figures with whom she is related (husband and father). The main female character has the opportunity to get out of her everyday practical situations. Even so, he cannot be separated from the Malay cultural frame completely. After she succeeds in fulfilling the demands demanded by the male character, she must return to the palace walls where she must stand as a loyal woman.
Kata Kunci : New historicism, sastra Melayu klasik, cerita petualangan-roman, Haji Zainal Abidin, Hikayat Nakhoda Muda