Karakteristik Active Packaging Biofilm Berbasis Kitosan dan Ekstrak Etil Asetat Kebun Jamur (Fungus Comb) dari Sarang Rayap Macrotermes gilvus, Hagen

Deborah Patricia Lizar, Dr.rer.nat. Lucia Dhiantika Witasari, S.Farm., Apt., M. Biotech. ; Dr. Ir. Supriyadi, M.Sc.

2023 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI PANGAN & HASIL PERTANIAN

Pengembangan pengemas aktif menjadi sebuah solusi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan keamanan pangan dan kerusakan lingkungan akibat pengemas pangan sekali pakai. Kitosan yang berasal dari cangkang crustacea sudah digunakan dalam pembuatan pengemas aktif karena kemampuannya untuk membentuk biofilm dan antimikroba. Ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb dapat menjadi senyawa antimikroba yang ditambahkan ke dalam biofilm karena mengandung senyawa guaiacol, syringol, dan DEHP untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme patogen. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia pengemas aktif biofilm berbasis kitosan yang ditambah dengan ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb yang diisolasi dari sarang rayap Indo-Malayan Macrotermes gilvus, Hagen. Biofilm kitosan 1% (w/v) dilarutkan dalam larutan asam asetat 0,1M dan ditambah ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb 2% (w/v) kemudian suspensi dikeringkan pada suhu 50oC selama 16 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb 2% membuat biofilm berwarna kekuningan, ketebalan = 0,13 mm, tensile = 2,15 Mpa, strain = 32,55%, kadar air = 0,27%, swelling properties = 2,37%, kelarutan = 2,68%, WVP = 3,31 (10-10 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1), tanpa adanya gugus baru pada hasil FTIR, dan permukaan biofilm yang lebih rapat serta homogen. Penambahan ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb 2% memperbaiki karakteristik dari biofilm kitosan. Dengan demikian, biofilm kitosan 1% (w/v) dan ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb 2?rpotensi menjadi pengemas aktif antimikroba. Penerapannya sebagai pengemas makanan perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

Development of active packaging has become a solution to address the issues of food safety and environmental damage caused by disposable food packaging. Chitosan, derived from crustacean shells, has been used in the production of active packaging due to its ability to form film and exhibit antimicrobial properties. The ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb can serve as an antimicrobial compound added to the biofilm, as it contains guaiacol, syringol, and DEHP compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The objective of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical characteristics of chitosan-based active packaging biofilm added with ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb isolated from the nest of the Indo-Malayan Macrotermes gilvus termite, Hagen. A 1% (w/v) chitosan biofilm was dissolved in a 0.1M acetic acid solution and supplemented with 2% (w/v) ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb. The resulting suspension was then dried at 50°C for 16 hours. The research findings indicated that the addition of 2% ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb resulted in a yellowish-colored biofilm with a thickness of 0.13 mm, tensile strength of 2.15 MPa, strain of 32.55%, moisture content of 0.27%, swelling properties of 2.37%, solubility of 2.68%, water vapor permeability (WVP) of 3.31 (10-10 g.m-1.s-1.Pa-1), no new functional groups observed in the FTIR analysis, and resulted a denser and more homogeneous biofilm surface. The addition of 2% ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb improved the characteristics of the chitosan biofilm. Consequently, the 1% (w/v) chitosan biofilm and 2% ethyl acetate extract of fungus comb have the potential to be utilized as antimicrobial active packaging. Further research is needed to explore their application as food packaging.

Kata Kunci : Kitosan, ekstrak etil asetat fungus comb, pengemas aktif, antimikroba, karakterisasi biofilm