Karakteristik Effluent Limbah Cair Industri Tahu dan Evaluasi Performa Pengolahannya Menggunakan Biodigester-IPAL di Desa Sambak, Kabupaten Magelang, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Ahmad Yumroni, Dr. Joko Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi, S.T.P., M. Eng; Dr. Prieskarinda Lestari, S.T., IPM.
2023 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN
Limbah cair tahu mengandung bahan organik
yang tinggi Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) antara 5000-10.000 mg/L, Chemical
Oxygen Demand (COD) kisaran 7000-12000 mg/L dan rata-rata pH bernilai 4-5.
Adapun baku mutu air limbah pengolahan tahu yaitu BOD sebesar 150 mg/L, COD
senilai 300 mg/L, dan pH antara 6-9. Apabila BOD, COD, dan pH tidak memenuhi
baku mutu dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan ekosistem perairan dan kesuburan tanah
pertanian menurun. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu 1) mengidentifikasi
spesifikasi biodigester, 2) menganalisis karakteristik effluent
limbah cair tahu dengan dan tanpa pengolahan biodigester-IPAL,
3) menganalisis uji signifikansi karakteristik effluent
limbah cair industri tahu tanpa dan hasil biodigester-IPAL,
4) mengevaluasi performa pengolahan biodigester-IPAL, dan
5) mengidentifikasi faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pengolahan limbah cair tahu
melalui biodigester-IPAL. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Sambak,
Kabupaten Magelang dari bulan Januari-April 2023. Parameter yang digunakan
diantaranya pH, suhu, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), BOD, COD, Total Suspended
Solid (TSS), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), nitrat dan fosfat. Hasil
penelitian menunjukan bahwa biodigester di Desa Sambak memiliki bentuk fixed
dome dengan pengisian secara kontinyu. Hasil pH, suhu, DO, BOD, COD,
TSS, TDS, nitrat, dan fosfat effluent limbah cair industri tahu dengan
dan tanpa biodigester-IPAL memiliki rentang nilai secara berurutan sebesar 2,38-5,31;
24,29-34,50oC; 0,60-4,45 mg/L; 1290-3925 mg/L; 2547,00-8672,50
mg/L; 108-392 mg/L; 2070-4632 mg/L; 66,90-133,96 mg/L; dan 2,29-25,78 mg/L. Uji
signifikansi menunjukkan pengolahan menggunakan biodigester-IPAL memberikan
pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap
perubahan kualitas limbah cair industri tahu berdasarkan parameter pH, suhu, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS,
nitrat, dan fosfat. Biodigester-IPAL 2 memiliki performa pengolahan yang
terbaik. Faktor
yang dapat mempengaruhi performa biodigester-IPAL yaitu waktu tinggal,
kandungan limbah cair industri tahu, sisa pengolahan sebelumnya, pengendapan, dan
peran mikroorganisme.
Wastewater from tofu production contains high levels
of Biologyical Oxygen Demand (BOD), ranging from
5000-10,000 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) ranging from 7000-12,000 mg/L,
and an average pH value of 4-5. The standard for wastewater treatment of tofu
processing includes a BOD limit of 150 mg/L, COD limit of 300 mg/L, and pH
range of 6-9. Failure to meet these standards can result in damage to aquatic
ecosystems and a decrease in agricultural soil fertility. This study aimed
to: 1) identify biodigester specifications, 2) analyze the characteristics of
tofu wastewater effluent with and without
biodigester-wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) treatment, 3) analyze the
significance test of the characteristics of tofu wastewater
effluent without and with biodigester-WWTP treatment, 4) evaluate the
performance of the biodigester-WWTP treatment, and 5) identify factors that can
affect the treatment of tofu wastewater through
biodigester-WWTP. This research was conducted in Sambak Village, Magelang
Regency from January to April 2023. The research results showed that the
biodigester in Sambak Village has a fixed dome shape with continuous feeding.
The results of pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, and phosphate
of wastewater tofu effluent with and without biodigester-WWTP
treatment have a were range of 2.38-5.31; 24.29-34.50°C;
0.60-4.45 mg/L; 1290-3925 mg/L; 2547.00-8672.50 mg/L; 108-392 mg/L; 2070-4632
mg/L; 66.90-133.96 mg/L; and 2.29-25.78 mg/L, respectivly. The
significance test indicate that the treatment using biodigester-WWTP has a
significant effect on the parameters of pH, temperature, DO, BOD, COD, TSS,
TDS, nitrate, and phosphate of wastewater tofu industry.
Biodigester-WWTP 2 has the best treatment performance. Factors that can affect
the performance of biodigester-WWTP include optimization time, the content of
tofu wastewater, previous treatment residues, sedimentation,
and the role of microorganisms.
Kata Kunci : Limbah cair tahu, biodigester, IPAL, performa
