Uji Resistensi Escherichia coli yang Diisolasi Dari Pasien Anjing Asal Klinik dan Rumah Sakit Hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Terhadap Berbagai Antibiotik

Muflih Zainul Muttaqin, Dr. drh. Widagdo Sri Nugroho, MP.

2023 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

    Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri yang normal dijumpai pada saluran pencernaan anjing, namun pada strain patogenik dapat menyebabkan infeksi saluran pencernaan yang mengakibatkan diare, maupun penyakit lain. E. coli juga dikenal merupakan bakteri yang sudah resisten terhadap antibiotik, namun penelitian resistensi E. coli pada anjing belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri E. coli dari pasien anjing di klinik dan rumah sakit hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta terhadap berbagai antibiotik.

    Penelitian ini menggunakan 45 isolat E. coli yang dikoleksi dari 85 sampel swab rektal pasien anjing di klinik dan rumah sakit hewan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang diambil secara random. Sampel swab rektal kemudian ditanam pada media Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB). E. coli yang tumbuh selanjutnya diidentifikasi menggunakan uji biokimia pada Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) dan Lysine Iron Agar (LIA). Isolat E. coli kemudian ditanam pada media Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) dan dilakukan uji resistensi terhadap enam jenis antibiotik yaitu Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, dan Enrofloxacin.

    Hasil pengujian resistensi dari 45 isolat E. coli terhadap Penicillin G menunjukkan seluruh isolat resisten, terhadap Ampicilin sebanyak 16 isolat resisten, terhadap Tetracycline sebanyak 13 isolat resisten, terhadap Streptomycin sebanyak 11 isolat resisten, terhadap Enrofloxacin sebanyak 7 isolat resisten, namun tidak ditemukan isolat yang resisten terhadap Neomycin. Ditemukan juga sebanyak 6 isolat E. coli resisten terhadap 5 jenis antibiotik, 3 isolat resisten terhadap 4 jenis antibiotik, dan 5 isolat resisten terhadap 3 jenis antibiotik. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa resistensi E. coli terhadap antibiotik dari pasien anjing di klinik dan rumah sakit hewan di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berturut-turut yaitu Penicillin G sebesar 100%; Ampicilin 35.6%; Tetracycline 28.9%; Streptomycin 24.4%; Enrofloxacin 15.6%; dan ditemukan isolat yang resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik.

Escherichia coli is a bacteria that is normally found in the digestive tract of dogs, however, pathogenic strains can cause digestive tract infections which cause diarrhea and other diseases. E.coli is also known as a bacteria that is resistant to antibiotics, but the resistance of E.coli in dogs has not been widely studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the resistance of E. coli bacteria from dog patients in clinics and veterinary hospital in the Special Region of Yogyakarta to various antibiotics.

This study used 45 bacterial isolates of E. coli collected from 85 rectal swab samples from dog patients in clinics and veterinary hospital in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, taken randomly. The rectal swab sample were then cultured on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium. The E. coli that grew were further identified using biochemical tests on Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) and Lysine Iron Agar (LIA). E. coli isolates were then cultured on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) medium and tested for resistance against six antibiotics, Penicillin G, Ampicillin, Streptomycin, Neomycin, Tetracycline, and Enrofloxacin.

The results of resistance testing of 45 E.coli isolates against Penicillin G showed that all isolates were resistant, 16 isolates were resistant against Ampicillin, 13 isolates were resistant against Tetracycline, 11 isolates were resistant against Streptomycin, 7 isolates were resistant against Enrofloxacin, but there is no resistance isolates were found against Neomycin. It was also found that 6 isolates of E. coli were resistant to 5 types of antibiotics, 3 isolates were resistant to 4 types of antibiotics, and 5 isolates were resistant to 3 types of antibiotics. This study showed that the resistance of E.coli to antibiotics in dog patients in clinics and veterinary hospitals in the Special Region of Yogyakarta was as follows: Penicillin G 100%; Ampicillin 35.6%; Tetracycline 28.9%; Streptomycin 24.4%; Enrofloxacin 15.6%; and found isolates that are resistant to several antibiotics.

Kata Kunci : Resistensi, Escherichia coli, anjing, antibiotik, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta