Analisis Faktor Risiko Cemaran Mikroba Daging Ayam yang Dijual di Pasar Tradisional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Marcellinus Evan Julian Widhiprasongko, drh.Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Ph.D
2023 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWANDaging ayam adalah sumber protein utama masyarakat Indonesia. Konsumsi daging ayam masyarakat Indonesia lebih besar daripada daging lainnya. Kebutuhan yang besar perlu diikuti dengan kualitas daging ayam yang aman dan sehat. Pasar tradisional adalah salah satu andalan masyarakat untuk memperoleh daging ayam. Namun, beberapa pasar belum memperhatikan higiene dan sanitasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah cemaran bakteri pada daging ayam di pasar tradisional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta serta mengetahui faktor faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dalam daging ayam yang dijual di pasar tradisional Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan 70 sampel daging ayam. Sampel diambil dari pasar tradisional yang tersebar di lima kabupaten/kota di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel yang telah diperoleh kemudian dibawa ke Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner FKH UGM untuk dilakukan pengujian ALT. Selain pengujian ALT, penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara dan observasi keadaan sekitar kios penjual. Hasil ALT dan observasi serta wawancara kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rerata nilai uji ALT pasar tradisional sebesar 5,13 x 10^7 CFU/mL. Angka tersebut melebihi batas yang ditentukan oleh SNI yaitu 1 x 10^6 CFU/mL. Faktor-faktor risiko yang dapat mempengaruhi nilai ALT adalah asal produk, sumber produk, temperatur daging saat proses distribusi, kondisi pisau yang digunakan, penggunaan sumber air ketika mencuci, alas potong, hewan disekitar penjual, dan kondisi lantai.
Chicken is a major source of protein for Indonesians. The chicken meat
consumption of Indonesian people is greater than other meats. The high demand
needs to be followed by the quality of chicken meat that is safe and healthy.
Traditional markets are one of the primary sources for people to obtain chicken
meat. However, some markets have not considered hygiene and sanitation. This
study aims to determine the amount of bacterial contamination in chicken meat in
traditional markets in Yogyakarta Special Region and to determine the risk factors
that can affect the Total Plate Count (TPC) value in chicken meat sold in traditional
markets in Yogyakarta Special Region. This study used 64 chicken meat samples.
Samples were taken from traditional markets spread across five districts/cities in
Yogyakarta Special Region. The samples were then brought to the Veterinary
Public Health Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UGM for TPC
testing. In addition to TPC testing, this study used conducted interviews and
observations of the surroundings of the vendors' stalls. The TPC results,
observations and interviews were then analyzed using the comparative descriptive
method. The results of the study obtained an average TPC test value across
traditional markets of 5,13 x 10^7 CFU/mL. This number exceeds the limit set by
SNI, which is 1 x 10^6 CFU/mL. Risk factors that can affect the TPC value are the
source of the product, meat temperature during the distribution process, the
condition of the knife used, the use of water sources when washing, cutting board,
insects around the seller, and floor conditions.
Kata Kunci : Angka Lempeng Total, Daging Ayam, Faktor Risiko