PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TOXIN BINDER PADA PAKAN YANG TERKONTAMINASI AFB1, OTA, DAN T-2 TERHADAP KUALITAS FISIK TELUR AYAM PETELUR
Nur'alim Hidayaturrohman, Dr. Ir. Muhsin Al Anas, S.Pt., IPP.
2023 | Skripsi | ILMU DAN INDUSTRI PETERNAKAN
Pakan ayam petelur terdiri dari jagung sebagai komponen
terbasar mencapai 50-60%. Kondisi penyimpanan yang buruk mengakibatkan pakan
mudah tercemar jamur penghasil mikotoksin. Senyawa mikotoksin seperti aflatoksin
B1 (AFB1), okratoksin A (OTA), dan trikotesena (T-2)
banyak mencemari pakan unggas di daerah tropis. Cemaran mikotoksin pada pakan
ayam petelur akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas dari telur. Penelitian ini
bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas interior dan eksterior telur ayam petelur
yang diberi pakan terkontaminasi mikotoksin yang terdiri dari AFB1,
OTA, dan T-2 dengan penambahan toxin
binder yang mengandung bentonite,
yeast, bakteri Coriobacteriaceae
sp. strain DSM 11798, dan sea
weed meal (SWM). Total 60 ekor ayam petelur umur 40 minggu dibagi menjadi tiga
perlakuan dengan lima ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri dari empat ekor.
Pemeliharan dilakukan selama delapan minggu. Perlakuan dalam penelitian yaitu
P0 (basal diet, kontrol, tanpa penambahan mikotoksin), P1 (P0 + 100 µg/kg AFB1
+ 200 µg/kg OTA + 100 µg/kg T-2, kontrol +), dan P2 (P0 + 4 g/kg toxin binder + 100 µg/kg AFB1
+ 200 µg/kg OTA + 100 µg/kg T-2). Parameter penelitian berupa kualitas interior
dan eksterior dari 90 butir sampel telur yang dikoleksi pada tiga hari terakhir
masa pemeliharaan. Analisis data menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap pola
searah (One way ANOVA), dan
dilanjutkan dengan uji duncan multiple range test, perbedaan antar perlakuan
ditunjukkan oleh nilai p<0>p>0,05). Kontaminasi
mikotoksin dalam pakan menurunkan kualitas interior telur meliputi tinggi yolk,
tinggi albumen, dan indeks haugh. Kualitas telur pada perlakuan pakan dengan
penambahan toxin binder masih lebih
rendah dibandingkan kontrol (p<0>toxin binder dengan kandungan bentonite,
yeast, bakteri Coriobacteriaceae sp.
strain DSM 11798, dan SWM pada level 4 g/kg belum mampu memperbaiki
penurunan kualitas interior telur pada ayam petelur yang diberi pakan
terkontaminasi mikotoksin.
The feed for laying hens consists mainly of corn, which
accounts for about 50-60% of the total composition. Poor storage conditions can
lead to contaminae of the feed with mycotoxin-producing fungi. Mycotoxin
compounds such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA),
and trichothecene (T-2) are common contaminants in poultry feed in tropical
regions. Mycotoxin contamination in the feed for laying hens can affect the
quality of the eggs. This study aimed to determine the internal and external
quality of eggs from laying hens that were fed mycotoxin-contaminated feed
containing AFB1, OTA, and T-2, with the addition of a toxin binder
containing bentonite, yeast, Coriobacteriaceae
sp. strain DSM 11798 bacteria, and sea weed meal (SWM). A total of 60
laying hens at 40 weeks of age were divided into three treatment groups with
five replications, and each replication consisted of four hens. The rearing
period lasted for eight weeks. The treatments in the study were as follows: P0
(basal diet, control, without the addition of mycotoxins), P1 (P0 + 100 µg/kg
AFB1 + 200 µg/kg OTA + 100 µg/kg T-2, control+), and P2 (P0 + 4 g/kg
toxin binder + 100 µg/kg AFB1 + 200 µg/kg OTA + 100 µg/kg T-2). The
research parameters included the internal and external quality of 90 egg
samples were collected during the last three days of the rearing period. Data
analysis was performed using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method,
followed by the Duncan multiple range test, and differences between treatments
were indicated by a p-value<0>0.05). Mycotoxin contamination in the feed decrease in the
internal quality of the eggs, including yolk height, albumen height, and Haugh
unit. The egg quality in the feed treatment with the addition of a toxin binder
was still lower compared to the control (p<0>Coriobacteriaceae sp. strain DSM 11798
bacteria, and SWM at a level of 4 g/kg was not able to improve the decrease in
the internal quality of eggs from laying hen fed with mycotoxin-contamination.
Kata Kunci : ayam petelur, pakan, mikotoksin, toxin binder, kualitas telur