Distribusi dan Kelimpahan Ikan Blenny dan Ikan Goby di Zona Intertidal Pantai Porok Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Cantika Chairunnisa Andria, Siti Nurleily Marliana, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2023 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Ikan blenny dan ikan goby merupakan ikan dengan keanekaragaman tinggi dan memiliki peran ekologi sebagai herbivora, karnivora, dan omnivora. Peran tersebut berfungsi sebagai penjaga stabilitas struktur dan fungsi ekosistem pada trofik jaring makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi dan kelimpahan ikan blenny dan goby serta faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhinya di zona intertidal Pantai Porok Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 8–9 November 2022 menggunakan metode kuadrat plot. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu, ditemukan sebanyak tujuh spesies ikan blenny dan ikan goby di zona intertidal Pantai Porok yaitu, enam spesies mewakili kelas famili Blenniidae: Blenniella sp, Blenniella periophthalmus, Blenniella cyanostigma, Blenniella leopardus, Benniella bilitonensis, dan Parablennius sp., serta satu spesies mewakili famili Gobiidae: Acentrogobius caninus. Pola distribusi seluruh spesies kajian berdasarkan analisis indeks Morisita adalah mengelompok. Berdasarkan analisis struktur komunitas di zona intertidal Pantai Porok, keanekaragaman ikan blenny dan ikan goby tinggi, kelimpahan individu antar spesies merata, dan ada yang mendominasi yaitu spesies Acentrogobius caninus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi linier berganda, kondisi suhu air, suhu udara, kadar oksigen, kedalaman pool, dan salinitas tidak memengaruhi kelimpahan ikan blenny dan ikan goby secara signifikan. Faktor lingkungan hanya memengaruhi kelimpahan ikan blenny dan goby sebesar 13,1%. Sebaliknya, 86,9% kelimpahan ikan blenny dan ikan goby dipengaruhi oleh faktor predator dan ketersediaan habitat.

Blenny fish and goby fish are fish with high diversity and have ecological roles as herbivores, carnivores and omnivores. These roles serve as protector of the stability of the structure as well as ecosystemic function in food web trophic. This study aims to analyze the distribution and abundance of blenny and goby fish and the characteristics of the environmental factors that influence them in the intertidal zone of Porok Beach, Gunungkidul Regency. The research was conducted on 8–9 November 2022 using squared plot method. There were seven species of blenny fish and goby fish found in the intertidal zone of Porok Beach namely, six species representing the Blenniidae family class: Blenniella sp, Blenniella periophthalmus, Blenniella cyanostigma, Blenniella leopardus, Benniella bilitonensis, and Parablennius sp., and one species representing the Gobiidae family: Acentrogobius caninus. The distribution pattern of all studied species based on the analysis of the Morisita index is clustered. Based on the analysis of community structure in the intertidal zone of Porok Beach, the diversity of blenny fish and goby fish is high, the abundance of individuals among species is evenly distributed, and some species dominate, namely Acentrogobius caninus. Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that water temperature, air temperature, oxygen levels, pool depth, and salinity did not significantly affect the abundance of blenny and goby fish. Environmental factors only affect the abundance of blenny and goby fish by 13.1%. In contrast, 86.9% of the abundance of blenny and goby fish was influenced by predator factors and habitat availability.

Kata Kunci : Bleniidae, Gobiidae, ikan amfibi, keanekaragaman, pola distribusi