Perilaku Pemuda Tani Dalam Usahatani Tembakau Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Kabupaten Temanggung

PURI EKA DEWI FORTUNA, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, MS; Prof. Dr. Lasiyo, M.A., M.M

2023 | Tesis | S2 Penyuluhan dan Komunikasi Pembangunan

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perilaku pemuda tani dalam usahatani tembakau selama masa pandemi COVID-19 dan mengkaji faktor personal dan faktor lingkungan apa saja yang memengaruhi perilaku pemuda tani dalam usahatani tembakau selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yakni petani muda yang memiliki pengalaman terhadap usahatani tembakau yang berada di Kabupaten Temanggung. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 140 responden yang diambil secara proporsial dari 6 kecamatan dengan luas penanaman tembakau tertinggi di Kabupaten Temanggung dengan menggunakan simple random sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistic deskriptif dan SEM (Structural Equation Modelling).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemuda tani saat masa pandemi COVID-19 sering menerapkan good agriculture practices (GAP) budidaya dan good agriculture practices (GAP) pemasaran. Pemuda tani jarang menerapkan metode pemasaran pada usahatani tembakau. Pada faktor personal sikap pemuda tani setuju terhadap berusahatani tembakau masa pandemi COVID-19, efikasi diri pemuda tani terhadap keberhasilan berusahatani tembakau masa pandemi COVID-19 pada tahap yakin, dan pemuda tani pada tahap berminat berusahatani tembakau masa pandemi COVID-19. Sementara faktor lingkungan yakni peran orang tua, kelompok tani, penyuluh pertanian, dan penggunaan media sosial pada sering berperan dalam perilaku usahatani tembakau masa pandemi COVID-19. Model perilaku pemuda tani dapat dikembangkan melalui faktor personal yakni sikap, efikasi diri, dan minat. Penelitian menemukan bahwa efikasi diri merupakan variabel yang paling pengaruhnya terhadap penerapan perilaku pemuda tani berusahatani tembakau di masa pandemi COVID-19. Faktor lingkungan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku berusahatani tembakau di masa pandemi COVID-19.

This study aims to examine the behavior of farmer youth in tobacco farming during the COVID-19 pandemic and what personal and environmental factors influence the behavior of farmer youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study's population is young farmers with experience in tobacco farming in Temanggung Regency. The sample of this study was 140 respondents who were taken proportionally from 6 districts with the highest tobacco planting area in Temanggung Regency using simple random sampling. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SEM (Structural Equation Modelling).

 

The results showed that farmer youth during the COVID-19 pandemic often applied good agriculture practices (GAP) cultivation and good agriculture practices (GAP) marketing. However, it is rare to use marketing methods for tobacco farming. On personal factors, the attitude of farmer youth agrees to tobacco farming during the COVID-19 pandemic, the self-efficacy of farmer youth to the success of tobacco farming during the COVID-19 pandemic is at the confident stage, and farmer youth are interested in farming tobacco during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, environmental factors, namely the role of parents, farmer groups, agricultural extension workers, and social media, often influence tobacco farming behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Models of peasant youth can be developed through personal factors, namely attitudes, self-efficacy, and interests. The study found that self-efficacy is the variable that most influence the implementation of the behaviour of young farmers in tobacco farming during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental factors do not affect tobacco farming behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Kata Kunci : efikasi diri, lingkungan, personal, petani muda, perilaku usahatani, tembakau.