Distribusi Spasial Karakteristik Keluarga Berisiko Stunting di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

Intan Azzahra, Dr. Umi Listyaningsih, S.Si., M.Si.

2023 | Skripsi | GEOGRAFI DAN ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Indonesia menempati angka prevalensi stunting tertinggi ke-2 di Asia Tenggara pada tahun 2020 dengan angka sebesar 31,8 persen. Stunting menjadi permasalahan masa pertumbuhan anak karena dapat menyebabkan terganggunya perkembangan otak hingga risiko terpapar penyakit degeratif yang lebih tinggi. Kabupaten Gunungkidul merupakan wilayah dengan angka prevalensi stunting tertinggi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Stunting disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor multidimensi, seperti faktor maternal dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik keluarga berisiko stunting, mengidentifikasi eksistensi perbedaan faktor risiko keluarga berisiko stunting menurut status wilayah, serta menilai kekuatan hubungan faktor risiko dengan keluarga berisiko stunting di Kabupaten Gunungkidul.

Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Pendataan Keluarga 2021 (PK21) terkait dengan keluarga berisiko stunting. Metode yang digunakan berupa pendekatan cross sectional terhadap faktor risiko yang menyebabkan keluarga berisiko stunting. Kemudian, identifikasi ada atau tidaknya perbedaan fakor risiko stunting dilakukan melalui uji beda non-parametrik, yaitu Chi-Square.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase keluarga berisiko stunting dengan tingkat risiko rendah lebih besar di perkotaan, sedangkan tingkat risiko tinggi lebih besar di perdesaan. Berdasarkan hasil uji Chi-Square, didapatkan adanya perbedaan proporsi faktor risiko menurut status wilayah pada usia istri terlalu muda, usia istri terlalu tua, jarak kelahiran anak terlalu dekat, jumlah anak terlalu banyak, dan sumber air minum utama tidak layak, sedangkan faktor risiko kepemilikan jamban tidak layak menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan. Kemudian, korelasi kuat terjadi pada faktor risiko usia istri terlalu tua, korelasi cukup terdapat pada faktor risiko jumlah anak terlalu banyak dan sumber air minum utama tidak layak, sedangkan korelasi sangat lemah terjadi pada faktor risiko usia istri terlalu muda, jarak kelahiran terlalu dekat, dan kepemilikan jamban tidak layak.

Indonesia had the second-highest stunting prevalence rate in Southeast Asia in 2020, with a rate of 31.8 percent. Stunting is a problem during childhood because it can disrupt brain development, resulting in a higher risk of developing degenerative diseases. Gunungkidul Regency has the highest stunting prevalence rate in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Various multidimensional factors, such as maternal and environmental factors, cause stunting. This study aims to determine the characteristics of families at risk of stunting, identify the existence of differences in risk factors for families at risk of stunting according to regional status, and assess the strength of the relationship between risk factors and families at risk of stunting in Gunungkidul Regency.

The method used in this research is quantitative. This study uses secondary data from PK21 related to families at risk of stunting. The method used is a cross-sectional approach to the risk factors that cause families to be at risk of stunting. Then, identifying whether or not there are differences in stunting risk factors is carried out through a non-parametric difference test, namely the Chi-Square.

The results showed that the percentage of families at risk of stunting with a low-risk level was more significant in urban areas, while the high-risk level was more prominent in rural areas. Based on the results of the Chi-Square test, it was found that there were differences in the proportion of risk factors according to village status in that the wife was too young, the wife was too old, the birth spacing of the children was too close, the number of children was too many, and the primary source of drinking water was not feasible, while the risk factor for ownership was Inadequate latrines show no difference. Then, a strong correlation occurs for the risk factor for the wife's age being too old, and a moderate correlation for the risk factor for having too many children and the primary drinking water source is not feasible. At the same time, a very weak correlation occurs for the risk factor for the wife's age being too young, birth spacing too close, and inadequate toilet ownership.

Kata Kunci : Keluarga berisiko stunting, faktor risiko, status wilayah