VARIASI AKSIAL DAN RADIAL SlFAT ANATOMI, FlSlKA, DAN MEKANIKA KAYU POPOHAN (Buchanania arborescens (BL) BL) YANG TUMBUH DI HUTAN RAKYAT KABUPATEN BANTUL

PUPUT PRASETYO , Dr. Ir. Sri Nugroho Marsoem, M.Agr.Sc.

2010 | Skripsi | S1 KEHUTANAN

Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku industri, maka dilakukan upaya antara lain dengan memanfaatkan jenis-jenis kayu kurang dikenal yang tumbuh di hutan rakyat Kabupaten Bantu!. Salah satu jenis kayu yang berpotensi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan industri perkayuan yaitu kayu popohan (Buchanania arborescens (BL) BL). Agar pemanfaatao. kayu dapat optimal, perlu diketahui sifat anatomi, fisika, dan mekanikanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan dan 2 faktor yaitu kedudukan aksial (pangkal, tengah dan ujung) dan radial (dekat hati, tengah dan dekat kulit). Hasil analisis kera5amamiya jika berbeda nyata kemudian diuji lanjut dengan uji HSD (Honestly Significant Difference). Pembuatan contoh uji dan pengujian mengikuti British Stand11rd nomor 3 73 tahun 1957. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai rerata proporsi sel serabut, pembuluh, jari-jari, dan parenkim sebesa.???? 58,24 %; 9,4 %; 21,51%; dan 10,85%. Panjang serat, diameter serat, diameter lu nen, dan tebal dinding serat sebesar 0,99 mm, 17,41 µm, 13,29 µm, dan 2,06 µ 11. Kadar air segar dan kadar air kering udara sebesar 62,93% dan 16,01 %. Berat jenis segar, kering udara dan kering tanur sebesar 0,48; 0,49; dan 0,????2. Penyusutan longitudinal, tangensial dan radial dari segar ke kering udara sebesar 0,22%; 2,98% dan 1,37% serta penyusutan longitudinal, tangensial dan radial dari segar ke kering tanur sebesar 0,38%; 6,84%; dan 3,7%. Pengembangan longitudinal, tangensial dan radial dari kering tanur ke basah sebesar 0,34%; 7,17%; dan 3,73%. Keteguhan lengkung statik pada batas proporsi, MoE dan MoR sebesar 367,72 kg/cm2; 60,26 (xl03 kg/cm2); dan 590,66 kg/cm2• Keteguhan tekan sejajar serat sebesar 275,6 kg/cm2•

In order to needs the requirement of industry raw material, it's applied some sustainable forest management efforts such as utility an lesser known wood from community forest in Kabupaten Bantul. One of plantation which developed in Industrial Forest Plantation area is popohan (Buchanania arborescens (BL) BL). To optimized the used of wood, it needs to know the anatomy, phisical and mechanical properties. This study was carried out by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) of two potition factor that is axial potition (bottom, middle of height, and top of the tree) and radial positions (nearby pith, -•middle, and near by bark). All the wood samples used for the measurement were prepared according British Standard of Method BS 373. Popohan wood has an average cell proportion of fiber, vessel, rays, and parenchyma are 58,24 %; 9,4 %; 21,51 %; and 10,85%. Fiber lenght, fiber diameter, lumina diameter, and fi'.Jer wall thickness are 0,99 mm, 17,41 µm, 13,29 µm, and 2,06 µm. Proportion of green and air-dry Moisture Content (MC) are 62,93% and 16,01%. Specific gravity (SG) in green wood, air dry and oven-dry are 0,48; 0,49; dan 0,52. The average longitudinal, tangential and radial shrinkage of the wood from green to air-dry condition are 0,22%; 2,98% and 1,37% and also from green to oven-dry condition successively are 0,38%; 6,84%; and 3,7%. The average longitudinal, tangential and radial swells of wood from oven-dry to wet condition successively equal to 0,34%; 7,17%; and 3,73%. The static bending strength in proportion point (PP), MoE and MoR successively equal to 367,72 kg/cm2; 60,26 ????x103 kg/cm2); and 590,66 kg/cnl. The parallel grain strength value is 275,6 kg/cm . The perpendicular grain strength value is 2 127,39 kg/cm2 Wood2 . hardness in the tangential and radial side are 2142,13 kg/cm and 137,08 kg/cm • The shearing strength value is 108,18 kg/cm . The interaction of axial position and radial position is significantly affect to the tangential swells. The axial position factor is very significant to fiber wall thickness, air-dry MC, SG in green wood, air dry and oven-dry, tangential swells and significant to cell proportion of fiber, rays, shrinkage tangential from green to oven-dry condition, and perpendicular strain strenght. The radial position is very significantly affect to cell proportion of fiber, vessel, rays, parenchyma, fiber lenght, fiber diameter, fiber wall thickness, green MC, and significant to lumina diameter, air-dry MC and

Kata Kunci : letak aksial, letak radial, proporsi sel, dimensi serat, BP, MoE, MoR