Character Construction Through Online Learning: A Case Study at Senior High School in Yogyakarta
HERMANTO WARUWU, Hakimul Ikhwan, S.Sos., M.A., Ph.D
2023 | Tesis | S2 Sosiologi
Teknologi adalah faktor penting yang mempengaruhi konstruksi karakter manusia dengan menghilangkan hambatan komunikasi, sehingga setiap orang terpapar pada karakter universal. Di Indonesia, teknologi belum banyak diterapkan dalam pendidikan, sebagai sektor yang diyakini dapat membentuk karakter siswa. Namun, hal tersebut berubah selama pandemi COVID-19 ketika semua kegiatan belajar harus diselesaikan di rumah, dan semua orang terhubung melalui internet.
Menurut Durkheim, tindakan kolektif dari rakyat untuk mengubah kondisi dan mendorong tindakan mengenai kebutuhan rakyat dapat menggantikan peraturan, aturan, budaya, dan norma dalam masyarakat. Penelitian ini kemudian mencoba mencari tahu bagaimana perubahan kolektif dalam proses pembelajaran dari kelas tatap muka ke pembelajaran online dapat berdampak pada nilai-nilai karakter siswa dan jenis dukungan apa yang ditetapkan untuk itu. Informasi tersebut dikumpulkan dengan mewawancarai langsung para pemangku kepentingan di sektor pendidikan di tingkat sekolah menengah atas di Yogyakarta.
Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa kedisiplinan, religiusitas, dan kemandirian merupakan nilai-nilai yang dikembangkankan di kelas daring, namun pelaksanaannya justru menyebabkan siswa kehilangan kebiasaan baik, ketidakdisiplinan untuk belajar, ketidakpekaan terhadap perlakuan agama, dan hilangnya motivasi untuk belajar mandiri. Hal ini bisa terjadi karena pembelajaran daring di Yogyakarta memiliki keterbatasan pada kontrol orang tua, evaluasi karakter, dan interaksi siswa. Selain itu, kebijakan untuk fasilitas daring, platform daring, dan pelatihan juga dilakukan untuk mendukung pembentukan karakter melalui pembelajaran daring di Yogyakarta.
Technology is a significant factor that affects the construction of people’s character by eliminating obstacles to communication, so everybody is exposed to the universal character. In Indonesia, technology is not much applied in education, as a sector that is believed to form students’ character. However, it changed during the COVID-19 pandemic when all learning activities must be settled at home, and everyone was connected to the internet.
Regarding Durkheim, the collective action from the people to change the condition and drive the action regarding the needs of people could replace regulations, rules, cultures, and norms in society. This research then tries to figure out how the collective change in the learning process from face-to-face classes to online learning could impact the values of students’ character and what kinds of support were established for it. The information is gathered by directly interviewing stakeholders in the education sector at the senior high school level in Yogyakarta.
The interview result presents that discipline, religiosity, and independence were the values that developed in the online class, but the implementation of its led the students to the loss of good habits; indiscipline to learn; insensitivity to religious treatment; and the missing of motivation to learn independently. It could occur because online learning in Yogyakarta has its limitation on parent control, character evaluation, and student interaction. In addition, policies for online facilities, online platforms, and training were also conducted to support character construction through online learning in Yogyakarta.
Kata Kunci : character, online, learning