POTENSI PROBIOTIK PADA MINUMAN KOMBUCHA BERBAHAN BAKU BUNGA TELANG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN Lactobacillus plantarum Subsp. plantarum DAD-13
Aflah Athallah Majid, Prof. Dr. Ir. Endang Sutriswati Rahayu, M.S.
2023 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan
Produk probiotik dianggap sebagai makanan fungsional karena memberikan manfaat bagi kesehatan manusia. Sebagian besar produk probiotik biasanya berbasis produk susu, yang membatasi konsumsinya oleh pasien yang intoleran terhadap laktosa atau konsumen vegan. Kombucha, minuman fermentasi berbasis teh yang menggunakan SCOBY (Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) yang telah banyak dikonsumsi karena memiliki aktivitas antimikroba, antioksidan, dan antidiabetesnya. Sementara itu, yang lain mengategorikan kombucha sebagai minuman probiotik. Namun, probiotik dalam kombucha tidak konsisten karena keberadaan mereka dalam kombucha tergantung pada asal kombucha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi keragaman mikroorganisme dalam kultur kombucha dari Indonesia dan untuk mengembangkan kombucha dari teh bunga telang dengan menambahkan probiotik lokal L. plantarum Dad-13. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Komagataeibacter dan Zygosaccharomyces adalah mikroorganisme dominan dalam kultur lokal kombucha. Dalam penelitian ini, konsentrasi sel probiotik yang ditambahkan kedalam fermentasi kombucha dapat mempengaruhi karakteristik mikrobiologi, fisikokimia, dan sensoris. Profil pertumbuhan yeast dan bakteri asam asetat sedikit berubah dalam kombucha dengan probiotik dibandingkan dengan yang tanpa probiotik. Semakin banyak bakteri asam laktat ditambahkan, semakin banyak bakteri asam asetat yang ada pada akhir fermentasi; namun, total jumlah yeast tetap serupa. Kombucha bunga telang dengan probiotik memiliki pH yang lebih rendah dan keasaman yang lebih tinggi daripada yang tanpa probiotik, menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum Dad-13 dapat berkontribusi pada produksi asam. Panelis lebih menyukai kombucha dengan probiotik (106 CFU/mL) berdasarkan rasa, keasaman, dan penerimaan keseluruhan. Produksi asam asetat dalam kombucha dengan probiotik lebih rendah dari pada kontrol tanpa penambahan probiotik, sedangkan etanol tidak terdeteksi. Selain itu, fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi kombucha bunga telang dengan probiotik dievaluasi selama penyimpanan selama 28 hari pada suhu 4 °C. Sel probiotik memiliki jumlah 6,26 log CFU/mL pada akhir penyimpanan; sehingga kombucha bunga telang dapat sebagai minuman probiotik.
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Probiotic products are considered functional foods because they benefit human health. Most probiotic products are usually based on dairy products, which limits their consumption by lactose-intolerant patients or vegan consumers. Kombucha, a tea-based fermented beverage using Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast (SCOBY), has been consumed for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. Meanwhile, others categorized kombucha as a probiotic drink. However, probiotics in kombucha were inconsistent because their presence in kombucha depends on the origin of kombucha. This study aimed to explore the diversity of the microorganisms in kombucha culture from Indonesia and to develop kombucha from floral butterfly pea flower tea by adding local probiotic L. plantarum Dad-13. Our result showed that Komagataeibacter and Zygosaccharomyces were the dominant microbiota in the local culture of kombucha. In this research, the concentration of probiotic cells added to kombucha fermentation affected the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics. The growth profiles of yeast and acetic acid bacteria were slightly changed in kombucha with probiotics than in those without probiotics. The more lactic acid bacteria added the more acetic acid bacteria were at the end of fermentation; however, the total yeast counts remained similar. The butterfly pea flower kombucha with the probiotics had a lower pH and higher titratable acidity than without the probiotics, indicating that L. plantarum Dad-13 may contribute to acid production. The panelists preferred kombucha with probiotics (106 CFU/mL) based on sourness, taste, and overall acceptability. The acetic acid production in kombucha with probiotics was lower than that in control without adding probiotics, whereas ethanol was not detected. Moreover, the physicochemical and microbiology of butterfly pea flower kombucha with probiotics were evaluated during storage for 28 days at 4 °C. The probiotic cells had a count of 6.26 log CFU/mL at the end of storage; thus, the butterfly pea flower kombucha is suitable for probiotic delivery.
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Kata Kunci : Probiotik, Kombucha, Bunga telang, viabilitas sel.