Pengaruh Jumlah Gliserol dan Asam Maleat Pada Pengolahan Turunan Gondorukem dengan Teknik Gliserol Ester Maleat
Rafli Nur Ramadhani, Sigit Sunarta, S.Hut, M.P., M.Sc., Ph.D.
2023 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN
Hasil hutan non-kayu mempunyai
banyak jenis produk yang memiliki nilai dan potensi tinggi untuk terus
dikembangkan. Salah satu produk hasil hutan non kayu tersebut adalah
gondorukem. Gondorukem merupakan pengolahan lebih lanjut dari hasil sadapan
getah pohon pinus (Pinus merkusii). Gondorukem sangat mudah mengalami proses
degradasi dan teroksidasi sehingga menyebabkan kualitasnya menurun. Penurunan
kualitas dapat diatasi menggunakan metode modifikasi dengan teknik gliserol
ester maleat.
Gondorukem modifikasi dilakukan
melalui proses fortifikasi, esterifikasi, pencucian, dan penyulingan. Proses
modifikasi gondorukem ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk gondorukem yang
stabil seperti ester gliserol gondorukem maleat. Tahapan awal dilakukan
pengujian kualitas bahan baku seperti titik lunak, bilangan asam, kadar abu,
kelarutan dalam toluena untuk pembuatan ester gliserol gondorukem maleat yang
dilakukan secara duplo. Proses fortifikasi ini menggunakan asam maleat teknis
(taraf 8%, 10%, dan 12%), kemudian masak kembali dengan penambahan gliserol secara
esterifikasi (taraf 10%, 12%, dan 14%). Pengujian kualitas dilakukan kembali
berdasarkan sifat fisiko-kimia derivat gondorukem.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
peningkatan persentase asam maleat pada gliserol berpengaruh nyata terhadap
kadar abu dan titik lunak ester gliserol gondorukem maleat. Pada pengujian
kualitas lainnya tidak berpengaruh nyata pada produk ester gliserol gondorukem
maleat yakni bilangan asam, kelarutan dalam toluena dan rendemen. Peningkatan
presentase gliserol mempengaruhi ester gliserol gondorukem maleat dengan kadar
abu dan bilangan asam semakin rendah serta titik lunak semakin tinggi, namun
pada titik lunak nilai peningkatannya hanya sampai pada penambahan presentase
gliserol 12%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produk ester gliserol
gondorukem maleat memiliki peluang untuk dipertimbangkan dalam sektor industri
sebagai pemasok bahan baku derivat gondorukem dunia.
Non-timber forest products have many types
of products that have high value and potential to be more developed. One of the
non-timber forest products is Gondorukem. Gondorukem is further processing of
the tapping of pine tree sap (Pinus
merkusii). Gondorukem is prone to degradation and oxidation process,
leading into their quality decrease. The decrease in quality can be overcome
using a modification method with the glycerol maleic ester technique.
Modified gondorukem is carried out through
fortification, esterification, washing, and refining processes. This process is
done in order to produce stable gondorukem derivatives such as glycerol ester
of rosin maleic. The initial stage was testing the quality of raw materials
such as soft point, acid number, ash content, and solubility in toluena for the
manufacture of glycerol ester of rosin maleic which was carried out in
duplicate. Then, this fortification process uses technical maleic acid (8%,
10%, and 12% level), later reprocessed with the addition of glycerol by
esterification (10%, 12%, and 14% level). Testing the quality of the modified
gondorukem based on its physical and chemical properties was tested in
duplicate.
The results indicated that the increase of
maleic acid percentage in glycerol had a significant effect on the ash content
and the soft point of glycerol ester of maleic gondorukem. In other quality
tests, there was no significant effect on the esterification product of maleic
gondorukem namely acid number, solubility in toluena, and yield. The percentage
increase of glycerol affects the glycerol ester of rosin maleic with lower ash
content and acid number and higher soft point. However, at the soft point, the
increase is only up to the glycerol percentage addition of 12%. The results of
this study indicate that the esterified product of Gondorukem maleate has the
opportunity to be considered in the industrial sector as a supplier of raw
materials for the world's Gondorukem derivatives.
Kata Kunci : gondorukem,gondorukem modifikasi,gliserol,asam maleat,fortifikasi,esterifikasi,ester gliserol gondorukem maleat
