Koordinasi Pemangku Kepentingan Dalam Pengendalian Banjir Jabodetabek (Studi Kasus Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung)

Septian Herpriyono, Prof. Dr. Ahmad Maryudi; Dr. Hatma Suryatmojo, S.Hut., M.Si.

2023 | Tesis | S2 Mag.Studi Kebijakan

Implementasi lengkap pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Ciliwung untuk penanggulangan bencana banjir dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Pihak berwenang bertanggung jawab penuh untuk menyelesaikan masalah, terutama dalam penunjukan mitigasi bencana banjir. Peran dan tanggung jawab otoritas terjabarkan dalam UU Nomor 24 Tahun 2007, bahwa pembagian tugas penanggulangan bencana diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Pusat, Daerah, dan BNPB (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana), sebaliknya dalam pasal 28, 29, dan 30, mensistematiskan penetapan fungsi dan koordinasi internasional dalam penanggulangan bencana baik secara sendiri-sendiri maupun bersama-sama. Peran otoritas pusat terdistribusi dalam berbagai Kementerian dan Lembaga Non Kementerian yang masing-masing memiliki pelayanan dan peran dalam mitigasi penanggulangan bencana banjir. Stagnasi penyelesaian masalah banjir di DKI Jakarta disebabkan lemahnya sinergitas dan koordinasi di tingkat stakeholder untuk mengatasi banjir secara kolektif dalam pengelolaan DAS Ciliwung. Rumusan yang akan diangkat oleh peneliti antara lain: 1) Bagaimana peta dan tupoksi pemangku kepentingan dalam pengendalian banjir jabodetabek (studi kasus pengelolaan DAS Ciliwung)?; 2) Mengapa koordinasi, kolaborasi, dan sinergi pemangku kepentingan dalam pengendalian banjir jabodetabek (studi kasus pengelolaan DAS Ciliwung) belum berjalan baik?; 3) Bagaimana rekomendasi strategi koordinasi, kolaborasi, dan sinergi pemangku kepentingan dalam pengendalian banjir jabodetabek (studi kasus pengelolaan DAS Ciliwung)? Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pengumpulan data menggunakan secara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Peran pemangku kepentingan dalam penanggulangan bencana banjir yang dalam kesempatan ini dilakukan oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, serta lembaga swasta, akademisi dan masyarakat telah diatur dalam pengendalian kewenangan. Badan/lembaga tersebut menjalankan tugas, fungsi, dan peranannya yang spesifik sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Koordinasi lintas sektoral baik pada institusi pemerintah, pihak swasta serta relawan, memiliki skala prioritas yang tidak dapat dikesampingkan, serta koordinasi antar instansi pemerintah penting untuk bisa mengelola DAS Ciliwung secara lebih arif dan lestari untuk mendukung pengendalian banjir di Jabodetabek.

Complete implementation of Ciliwung watershed management for flood disaster management is carried out by the government. The authorities are fully responsible for solving problems, especially in the designation of flood disaster mitigation. The roles and responsibilities of the authorities are spelled out in Law Number 24 of 2007, that the division of disaster management tasks is left to the Central, Regional Governments and BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency), on the contrary in articles 28, 29 and 30, systematizing the determination of functions and international coordination in disaster management both individually and collectively. The role of the central authority is distributed in various ministries and non-ministerial institutions, each of which has services and roles in mitigating flood disaster management. The stagnation in solving the flood problem in DKI Jakarta is caused by the weak synergy and coordination at the stakeholder level to deal with flooding collectively in the management of the Ciliwung Watershed. The formulations that will be raised by researchers include: 1) What is the map and duties of stakeholders in Jabodetabek flood control (a case study of Ciliwung watershed management)?; 2) Why has the coordination, collaboration, and synergy of stakeholders in Jabodetabek flood control (a case study of Ciliwung watershed management) not going well?; 3) What are the recommendations for coordination, collaboration and synergy strategies for stakeholders in Jabodetabek flood control (a case study of Ciliwung watershed management)? This research was conducted with a qualitative approach, with data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. The role of stakeholders in flood disaster management which on this occasion is carried out by the central government, regional governments, as well as private institutions, academics and the community has been regulated in the control of authority. The agency/institution carries out specific duties, functions and roles in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations. Cross-sectoral coordination between government institutions, the private sector and volunteers, has a scale of priorities that cannot be ruled out, as well as coordination between government agencies is important to be able to manage the Ciliwung watershed more wisely and sustainably to support flood control in Jabodetabek.

Kata Kunci : Koordinasi Lintas Sektor, Collaborative Governance, Manajemen Resiko