LANDFORM BASED MODEL OF SHEAR WAVE VELOCITY (VS30) FOR EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ASSESSMENT IN YOGYAKARTA
Wijayanto, Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Djati Mardiatno, S.Si., M.Si.; Dr. Daryono, S.Si., M.Si.; Prof. Dr. Udo Nehren
2023 | Disertasi | S3 Geografi
Yogyakarta is located in the earthquake-prone areas of Indonesia. An earthquake hazard can be assessed by identifying the site conditions from shear wave velocity (Vs30) to estimate the potential amplification of ground shaking. Measuring Vs30 in a large area with high-resolution data requires high costs and takes a long time. An empirical model equation is needed to estimate the value of Vs30. A landform based model of Vs30 is useful for earthquake hazard assessment. These research objectives are to (1) assess the characteristics and spatial distribution of Vs30 in each landform unit and (2) develop a landform based model of Vs30.
We used 545 site measurement data obtained by the MASW method (98 sites) and the microtremor (447 sites). Data inversion was performed to obtain a one-dimensional (1D) Vs model and estimate the Vs30 value. The results are presented in the Vs30 spatial distribution map and site classification. This spatial distribution was used to identify the relationship between the Vs30 values with landform, topographic, and lithological characteristics. In addition, the Vs30 model was obtained by multiple linear regression analysis using the Vs30 measurement as a dependent variable. The Elevation (Ev), slope (s), main-landform unit (La) or sub-landform unit (Lb) were used as independent variables.
The result shows that the value of Vs30 is varied in a range of 140 to 1092 m/s. The site classification ranges from SE (soft soil) to SB (rock). The Vs30 value tends to be similar to the USGS model, except in the karst landform in the Gunungkidul area. Here, the site class ranges from SC (hard soil, dense and soft rock) to SB (rock), while the USGS model ranges from SD (medium soil) to SC (hard soil, dense and soft rock). This difference indicates that local conditions significantly affect the Vs30. Based on the landform analysis, the higher average values of Vs30 are for karst, followed by structural, denudational, volcanic, fluvial, marine, and aeolian landforms. The higher the elevation, the steeper the slope, and the harder and solid/consolidated material, the larger the Vs30 value.
The best Vs30 model is obtained by 3 (three) independent variables (Elevation, Slope, and Landform unit). The estimated Vs30 value of Model2 (sub-landform unit) is better than that Model1 (main landform unit). The RMS of their differences between the estimated Vs30 to the site measurement is 60 (Model2) and 78 (Model1). The estimated Vs30 value based on the landform unit is better than the USGS. The Vs30 value of USGS in the Karst landform is smaller than the model. The landform unit greatly influences in estimating the Vs30 value. The spatial distribution of earthquake intensity and damage was correlated with the local site or Vs30 value and changes following the landform unit.
Kata Kunci : Vs30, shear wave velocity, landform, earthquake hazard.