Analisis Biaya Penyakit COVID-19 Rawat Inap di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta dan Faktor yang Memengaruhinya

Raymon Simanullang, Prof. Dr. apt. Tri Murti Andayani, Sp.FRS; Dr. apt. Chairun Wiedyaningsih, M.Kes, M.App.Sc.

2023 | Tesis | Magister Manajemen Farmasi

Kasus terkonfirmasi positif COVID-19 tercatat sejak 2019 hingga 2021 mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan. Analisis biaya dengan cost of illness mampu mengidentifikasi dan mengukur biaya secara keseluruhan dari penanganan suatu penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis total biaya medik langsung dan komponennya serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi biaya pasien COVID-19 rawat inap di RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian observasional analitik berdasarkan perspektif rumah sakit dengan rancangan penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan data diambil secara retrospektif dari rekam medik, data rincian biaya pengobatan, dan berkas klaim pasien pada periode Juli-Desember 2021. Analisis data terdiri dari univariat (analisis deskriptif), bivariat (menggunakan uji mann-whitney dan kruskal-wallis), dan multivariat (uji statistik regresi linear). Hasil penelitian diperoleh jumlah pasien COVID-19 rawat inap sebanyak 99 sampel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi, total biaya medik langsung Rp. 1.916.902.329 dengan rata-rata biaya per pasien Rp. 19.362.650, komponen biaya terbesar adalah biaya jasa pelayanan medis (53%) serta biaya obat dan BMHP (31,43%). Terdapat perbedaan biaya medik langsung dari faktor jenis kelamin, lama rawat inap (LoS), kelas perawatan, dan penggunaan antiviral. Secara statistik, faktor yang memengaruhi biaya medik langsung meliputi LoS, kelas perawatan, derajat keparahan, dan keparahan komorbid.

Positive confirmed cases of COVID-19 have been recorded from 2019 to 2021, experiencing a significant increase. Cost analysis with the cost of illness can identify and measure the overall cost of treating a disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total direct medical costs and their components as well as the factors that affect the costs of inpatient COVID-19 patients at RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta. The analytic observational research method is based on a hospital perspective with a cross-sectional study design. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records, detailed data on medical expenses, and patient claims files for the period July-December 2021. Data analysis consisted of univariate (descriptive analysis), bivariate (using the Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis test), and multivariate (linear regression statistics test). The results of the study obtained that the number of inpatient COVID-19 patients was 99 samples who met the inclusion criteria, the total direct medical costs were Rp. 1.916.902.329 with an average cost per patient of Rp. 19.362.650, the biggest cost component is the cost of medical services (53%) as well as the cost of drugs and BMHP (31,43%). There are differences in direct medical costs to gender, length of stay (LoS), treatment class, and use of antivirals. Statistically, factors that affect direct medical costs include LoS, class of care, degree of severity, and severity of comorbidities.

Kata Kunci : analisis biaya, COVID-19, biaya medik langsung, perspektif rumah sakit, rawat inap.