KERJA SAMA BAKAMLA RI - AUSTRALIAN BORDER FORCE (ABF) DALAM PENANGANAN MARITIME CROSS-BORDER CRIME DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KETAHANAN KEAMANAN WILAYAH PERBATASAN

KIKI APRILIYANTI, Dr. Dafri Agussalim, M.A.; Sri Wiyanti Eddyono, S.H., L.LM. (HR), Ph.D.

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER KETAHANAN NASIONAL

Perbatasan Indonesia-Australia telah menjadi perhatian penting bagi kedua negara karena maraknya kejahatan lintas batas yang mengancam stabilitas keamanan nasional. IUU Fishing sebagai kejahatan yang dominan terkait dengan kejahatan lain seperti penyelundupan migran, perdagangan manusia, dan perbudakan modern. Sejak perairan tersebut melibatkan pengelolaan yurisdiksi dua negara, maka dibutuhkan kerja sama bilateral. Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Australian Border Force sebagai pemegang fungsi penjaga pantai melakukan penanggulangan dengan pendekatan keamanan maritim sipil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerja sama antara Bakamla RI-ABF dalam penanganan kejahatan lintas batas maritim dan implikasinya terhadap ketahanan keamanan dua negara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari sembilan kementerian/lembaga dan satu kedutaan besar. Informan dipilih dengan purposive sampling sehingga narasumber penelitian telah ahli dan menguasai topik-topik kajian. Data sekunder didapat dari penelitian-penelitian terdahulu serta dokumen yang dipublikasikan oleh lembaga-lembaga terkait. Dalam pengolahan data digunakan Nvivo 12 Plus Qualitative software dalam membantu proses koding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam mengendalikan kejahatan lintas batas, Coast Guard kedua negara fokus pada patroli terkoordinasi, peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, dan berbagi informasi. Pengendalian ancaman berbasis Maritime Domain Awareness dimulai dari pengumpulan data intelijen hingga investigasi. Hal ini membutuhkan kolaborasi lintas lembaga. Akan tetapi, adanya pergeseran kasus ke Australia menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan Indonesia sebagai buffer state melemah. Adanya ego sektoral hingga ketidakoptimalan satgas pun melatar belakanginya. Ditinjau dari pengukuran Stable Seas Security Index dan Indeks Keamanan Laut, ketahanan keamanan perbatasan Indonesia-Australia dikategorikan sedang. Lemahnya komponen pengendalian kejahatan lintas batas dan imigran gelap melemahkan ketahanan keamanan perbatasan kedua negara.

The Indonesia-Australia border became an important concern for both countries due to the rise of cross-border crimes that threaten national security stability. IUU Fishing, as the dominant crime, is related to other crimes such as migrant smuggling, human trafficking, and modern slavery. Since these waters involve the jurisdictional management of both countries, bilateral cooperation is required. The Republic of Indonesia Marine Security Agency, in collaboration with the Australian Border Force as the holder of the coast guard function, conducts countermeasures with a civil maritime security approach. This research aims to analyze the cooperation between Bakamla RI-ABF in handling cross-border maritime crimes and its implications for the security resilience of the two countries. This research is field research with a qualitative approach. Data were obtained from 9 ministries/institutions and an embassy. Informants were selected using purposive sampling so that the research sources were experts and mastered the study topics. Secondary data were obtained from previous studies and documents published by related institutions. The NVivo 12 Plus Qualitative software was used to assist the coding process. The results show that in controlling cross-border crime, the Coast Guard of both countries focuses on coordinated patrols, human resource capacity building, and information sharing. Maritime Domain, Awareness-based threat control, starts from intelligence data collection to investigation. This requires cross-agency collaboration. However, the shift of cases to Australia shows that Indonesia's ability as a buffer state is weakening. The existence of sectoral egos to the task force's non-optimization is also the background. Measured by the Stable Seas and Marine Security Index, Indonesia-Australia border security resilience is moderate. The weak components of cross-border crime and illegal immigrants control weaken both countries's border security resilience.

Kata Kunci : Bakamla RI-ABF Cooperation, Maritime Cross-Border Crime Control, Border Area Security Resilience