BEBERAPA MACAM BENTUK PEKARANGAN DAN PERKEMBANGANNYA DI KABUPATEN KERINCI, PROPINSI JAMBI

Djuwadi, Prof.Ir. R. Soedarwono Hardjosoediro

1984 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Ciri-ciri penggunaan lahan di Indonesia, biasanya cenderung dibeda­kan antara yang intensip seperti persawahan di Jawa atau extensip seper­ti perladangan di luar Jawa. Sering pula penggunaan lahan ini dipenga­ruhi pula oleh adanya pasar. Penelitian kasus ini dilakukan di Kerinci Prop. Jambi. Perilaku penggunaan lahan dan pemasaran dipelajari pengaruhnya terhadap bentuk (yang dicirikan oleh luas, struktur dan produksi) dan perkembangan dari penggunaan lahan khusus yaitu pekarangan. Conteh diambil dari 6 desa yang masing-masing merupakan kombinasi antara daerah sawah/non sawah dengan jarak dari pusat kegiatan ekonomi (kota). Setiap desa dipilih 10 responden yang mewakili, sehingga seluruhnya terkumpul 60 responden. Data diperoleh dengan mengukur, menggambarkan keadaan pekarangan diser­tai .wawancara dengan kepala keluarga responden. Pengolahan data dilaku­kan dengan analisis regresi model BMDlJR di pusat komputer Universitas Gadjah Mada. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, bentuk pekarangan yang dicari kan oleh luas dan produksi dipengaruhi oleh lokasi daerah persawahan atau non persawahan, jarak dari pasar dan luas pemilikan lahan pertani­an setiap keluarga. Tentang struktur pekarangan ditunjukkan bahwa ta­naman perdu (yang didominasi oleh jeruk dan kopi) tebih banyak ditanam di. dekat perkotaan. Kemudian jenis tanaman pangan lebih banyak ditanam di daerah persawahan dan atau dekat daerah pemasaran. Prosentase luas pekarangan terhadap luas areal pertanian, ternyata di daerah persawahan lebih tinggi daripada non sawah, walaupun pemilik­an pekarangan setiap keluarga cenderung lebih sempit. Kasus ini disebab­kan oleh kelangkaan lahan dan tekanan jumlah penduduk. Diperoleh tanda­tanda bahwa keluarga yang telah menetap memiliki ladang yang lebih sem­pit daripada yang belum menetap, dan biasanya letak ladang jauh dari tempat tinggal. Sementara itu luas pekarangan cen

In Indonesia, land use is devided into two types: intensive land use such as rice fields in Java, and extensive land use such as shifting cultivation land areas found in the outer islands of Java. Frequently land use is influenced also by market condition. A study was done in Kerinci, Jambi province. The behavior of land use and market condition is discussed, in relation with some factors such as area, structure, production and the development of special land use ie. homegarden. Samples were taken in six villages which showed the variation of rice fields and non rice fields and distance from the villages to the nearest cities. Of each village, 10 respondents were chosen, to get 60 respondents in total. Data were obtained by interview concerning some measure the size and production of homegardens under consideration owned by a family. Regression analysis using BMD13R package 1n Gadjah Mada University computer center was made. Results of the study show that the type of homegardens which are represented by their size and production, both are influenced by location of rice fields, distance from market and size of agricultural land area owned by a family. The structure of homegarden shows that bushes which are dominated by Citrus sp and Coffea sp are more abundantly planted 1n non rice field areas, while fruit trees are more planted in suburban areas. The food croops are more planted in the first areas mentioned and or near to the city. The percentage of homegardens compare with agricultural lands is higher in rice field areas than in non rice field areas, although the homegarden owned by a family tends to be narrower. Presumably it is caused by scarcity of land and by population pressure. The results tell that settled families have narrower shifting cultivation land areas than the unsettled ones and ussually their location farther from the house. Mean while homegardens tend to be smaller in size but they are more intensively cultivated.

Kata Kunci : Pekarangan