Analisis Kapasitas dan Kerentanan Perempuan Pesisir Perbatasan Selama Krisis Pandemi Covid-19 (Studi Kasus Perempuan Pekerja Rumput Laut (Mabbetang) Pesisir Pantai Indah Sebatik Timur, Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara)

MILADIYATU TSANIA Z, Dr. Ambar Widaningrum, M.A.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 MANAJEMEN DAN KEBIJAKAN PUBLIK

Krisis pandemi Covid-19 menempatkan perempuan pada posisi rentan. Perempuan pekerja rumput laut (mabbetang) di Pantai Indah Pulau Sebatik adalah salah satu kelompok yang terdampak. Pulau Sebatik sebagai bagian dari perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia, memiliki potensi besar di sektor kelautan, khususnya budi daya rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membahas kapasitas dan kerentanan perempuan mabbetang di perbatasan Indonesia dalam menghadapi krisis pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah kualitatif deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis kapasitas dan kerentanan (Capacities and Vulnerabilities Analysis Framework/CVA). Pengumpulan data primer diperoleh melalui diskusi kelompok terfokus dan observasi dengan perempuan mabbetang di Pantai Indah Pulau Sebatik, serta data sekunder melalui studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan mabbetang memiliki kerentanan dan kapasitas (aspek fisik, sosial, dan motivasi) dalam menjalankan aktivitas mabbetang selama masa krisis. Kerentanan yang dihadapi meliputi keterbatasan akses kesehatan, infrastruktur, modal, dan beban ganda. Namun, perempuan mabbetang juga memiliki kapasitas meliputi kekuatan hubungan sosial kekerabatan, tabungan darurat, dan fleksibilitas kerja. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan bantuan software NVivo dengan visualisasi project map. Penelitian menghasilkan implikasi strategis yang diharapkan berguna bagi pemangku kebijakan untuk mengambil langkah dalam pemberdayaan perempuan dan budi daya rumput laut di pesisir perbatasan Indonesia.

The Covid-19 pandemic crisis places women in a vulnerable position. Female seaweed workers or mabbetang at Pantai Indah Pulau Sebatik are one of the groups that were affected by it. Sebatik Island, as part of the Indonesia-Malaysia border, has sea potential, mainly seaweed cultivation. This study aims to discuss the capacities and vulnerabilities of mabbetang at the Indonesian border in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic crisis. The research method uses descriptive qualitative using capacity and vulnerability analysis framework/CVA. Primary data collection was obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and observations with mabbetang, as well as secondary data through literature reviews. The results of the study show that mabbetang have vulnerabilities and capacities (physical, social, and motivational aspects) in carrying out activities, especially during times of crisis. The vulnerabilities faced include limited access to health, infrastructure, capital, and double burdens. However, mabbetang women also have capacities including the strength of kinship social relations, emergency savings, and work flexibility. The research uses the help of NVivo software with project map visualization to produce strategic implications for capacity building and reducing vulnerability which is expected to contribute to policymakers in taking policy steps to empower women and seaweed cultivation on the Indonesian border coast.

Kata Kunci : Analisis CVA, Perempuan Mabbetang, Pandemi Covid-19 (CVA Analysis, Mabbetang Women, Covid �19 Pandemic)