OPTIMASI DAN KARAKTERISASI FORMULA OPTIMUM EDIBLE FILM BERBASIS GLUKOMANAN PORANG (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) DAN PLASTICIZER SORBITOL DENGAN RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY

ARIF RAMADHAN, Dr.rer.nat. Lucia Dhiantika Witasari, S.Farm.,Apt, M.Biotech ; Dr. Sri Rahayoe, S.T.P.,M.P.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 TEKNOLOGI PANGAN DAN HASIL PERTANIAN

Edible films merupakan kemasan ramah lingkungan yang dapat dibuat dari biopolymer seperti protein, polisakarida, dan lipid. Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) adalah tanaman umbi-umbian lokal Indonesia yang mengandung glukomanan tinggi dan berpotensi untuk pembuatan edible film. Namun, glukomanan mengandung hidrokoloid yang kurang baik sehingga perlu ditambahkan plasticizer sorbitol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah optimasi formula edible film glukomanan dengan penambahan sorbitol menggunakan metode central composite design (CCD) berdasarkan nilai kuat tarik. Edible film formula optimum dilakukan karakterisasi warna, ketebalan, kuat tarik, pemanjangan, kadar air, swelling property, kelarutan, permeabilitas uap air, dan SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum edible film adalah konsentrasi glukomanan sebesar 0,9 persen (w/v) dan kosentrasi sorbitol sebesar 15,43 persen (w/w) glukomanan. Karakterisasi edible film memperoleh nilai warna, yaitu L sebesar 90,1, a sebesar -3,23, dan b sebesar 9,82, ketebalan sebesar 0,005 mm, kuat tarik sebesar 384,48 mPa, pemanjangan sebesar 18,02 persen, kadar air sebesar 0,014 persen, swelling property sebesar 4,31 persen, kelarutan sebesar 4,29 persen, permeabilitas uap air sebesar 1,04 x 10^-11 g.H2O.s^-1.m^-1.Pa^-1. Hasil SEM menunjukkan permukaan film yang kurang halus karena glukomanan porang yang belum larut sempurna. Penelitian ini menunjuukan edible film berbasis glukomanan dengan plasticizer sorbitol dapat diaplikasikan pada pengemasan produk pangan dengan nilai aw yang rendah.

Edible films are eco-friendly packaging that can be made from biopolymers such as proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids. Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is a local Indonesian tuber plant that contains high glucomannan an has the potential as edible films. Unfortunately, glucomannan contains poor hydrocolloids so it is necessary to add a plasticizer to enhance its physical/chemical properties, such as sorbitol. The purpose of this study was to optimize the glucomannan edible films with the addition of sorbitol using the central composite design (CCD) method based on the tensile strength value. The optimum edible film formula was characterized its color, thickness, tensile strength, elongation, moisture content, swelling property, solubility, water vapor permeability, and SEM. The results of the study indicated that the optimum edible films formula was a glucomannan concentration of 0,9 percent (w/v) and a sorbitol concentration of 15,43 (w/w) percent glucomannan. Characterization of the edible film obtained color of L of 90,1, a of -3,23, and b of 9,82, thickness of 0,005 mm, tensile strength of 384,48 mPa, elongation of 18,02 percent, moisture content of 0,014 percent, swelling property of 4,31 percent, solubility of 4,29 percent, water vapor permeability of 1,04 x 10^-11 g.H2O.s^-1.m^-1.Pa^-1. The SEM results showed that the film surface was less smooth because the glucomannan had not completely dissolved. This study suggested that glucomannan edible film with the addition sorbitol can be applied to the packaging of food products with lo aw values

Kata Kunci : Amorphophallus oncophyllus, edible film, glukomanan, sorbitol, central composite design