Pengaruh Modal Sosial Gotong Royong terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Pangan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di Kampung Joyowilagan, Kelurahan Rejowinangun, Kecamatan Kotagede, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

ADELIA ISHARTANTI, Dr. Krisdyatmiko, S.Sos., M.Si.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL DAN KESEJAHTERAAN

Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak negatif pada kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Indonesia seperti banyaknya pekerja yang di PHK (Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja) sehingga kesulitan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangan keluarga sehari-hari. Dalam melawan dampak tersebut, Indonesia memiliki kekuatan sosial yang bisa digerakkan yaitu modal sosial gotong royong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial gotong royong (tingkat kepercayaan, jaringan sosial, norma sosial, dan tingkat partisipasi) terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat Kampung Joyowilagan, Kelurahan Rejowinangun, Yogyakarta dalam menghadapi pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juli sampai Oktober 2022 di Kampung Joyowilagan Yogyakarta. Populasi penelitian adalah rumah tangga yang bertempat tinggal di wilayah Kampung Joyowilagan yang memperoleh bantuan swadaya masyarakat pada masa pandemi Covid-19 berupa sembako dan sayuran. Besar sampel penelitian 50 responden yang ditentukan berdasarkan teknik total sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik deskriptif, uji korelasi Pearson, dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian pengaruh modal sosial gotong royong terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat Kampung Joyowilagan terdiri dari: 1. Modal sosial gotong royong (tingkat kepercayaan, jaringan sosial, norma sosial, dan tingkat partisipasi) secara simultan atau bersama-sama mempengaruhi pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat di Kampung Joyowilagan sebesar 22,2% dan sisanya sebesar 77,8% dipengaruhi oleh variabel independen lainnya yang tidak dimasukkan kedalam model estimasi ini. 2. Tingkat kepercayaan masyarakat tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat. 3. Jaringan sosial masyarakat berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat. 3. Norma sosial masyarakat tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat. 4. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan rumah tangga masyarakat.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the socio-economic conditions of the Indonesian people, such as the large number of workers who have been laid off (termination of employment) resulting in difficulties in meeting their daily family food needs. In fighting these impacts, Indonesia has a social power that can be mobilized, namely mutual cooperation social capital. This study aims to analyze the effect of mutual cooperation social capital (level of trust, social network, social norms, and level of participation) on fulfilling the household food needs of the people of Joyowilagan Village, Rejowinangun, Yogyakarta in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a quantitative research method with a survey approach. The research was conducted from July to October 2022 in Joyowilagan Village, Yogyakarta. The research population is households residing in the Joyowilagan Village area that received community self-help assistance during the Covid-19 pandemic in the form of groceries and vegetables. The size of the research sample is 50 respondents which is determined based on the total sampling technique. Retrieval of data using a questionnaire. Data analysis used descriptive statistical tests, Pearson correlation tests, and multiple linear regression tests. The results of the research on the effect of mutual cooperation social capital on fulfilling the household food needs of the Joyowilagan Village community consist of: 1. Mutual social capital (level of trust, social network, social norms, and level of participation) simultaneously or jointly influences the fulfillment of household food needs the community ladder in Joyowilagan Village is 22.2% and the remaining 77.8% is influenced by other independent variables that are not included in this estimation model. 2. The level of public trust does not significantly influence the fulfillment of community household food needs. 3. The community's social network has a significant effect on meeting the food needs of community households. 3. Community social norms do not significantly influence the fulfillment of community household food needs. 4. The level of community participation has a significant effect on meeting the food needs of community households.

Kata Kunci : modal sosial,pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan,rumah tangga,pandemi Covid-19