Severino Abimanyu Suryolaksono

SEVERINO ABIMANYU S, Amirullah Setya Hardi, S.E., Cand.Oecon., Ph.D

2023 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU EKONOMI

Kajian ini fokus pada menjelaskan hubungan kualitas kelembagaan dan FDI terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan ASEAN. ASEAN dipilih karena kawasan ini memasuki integrasi MEA pada 2015, serta memiliki dinamika kelembagaan yang dinamis dan beragam. Pada sisi lain, melalui integrasi kawasan diharapkan terdapat pergerakan FDI antar negara anggota dan perbaikan integrasi internal (kualitas kelembagaan) secara berkesan, sehingga pertumbuhan ekonomi meningkat. Kajian ini bermaksud memastikan dinamika kelembagaan dan pergerakan FDI tersebut sejauhamana mampu mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi kawasan. Metode yang diadopsi dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data panel menggunakan Panel Least Square yang dipandang efektif untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut. Kajian ini menemukan pengaruh siginifikan positif pada Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Control of Corruption,dan political stability and anbsence of violence terhadap Gross Domestic Product. Control of corruption menempati indeks kelembagaan paling tinggi di ASEAN dan paling berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan GDP. Sebaliknya, penelitian ini menemukan pengaruh yang signifikan negatif pada ekspor dan voice and accountability. Hal tersebut bermakna ekspor antar negara anggota, pengawasan korupsi dan stabilitas politik negara anggota masih terbilang rendah, serta tidak mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kajian ini juga menemukan hal baru terkait fenomena anomali kualitas kelembagaan berdasarkan cross section effect untuk Indonesia dan Singapura. ASEAN sebagai pemangku kebijakan kawasan perlu meningkatkan integrasi dan integritas sesuai kesepakatan MEA, sehingga integrasi dapat memperkuat kemajuan ekonomi kawasan dan mendorong penyelesaian kelembagaan masing-masing negara.

This study focuses on explaining the relationship of institutional quality and FDI to economic growth in the ASEAN region. ASEAN is chosen because the region is entering AEC integration in 2015, and has dynamic and diverse institutional dynamics. On the other hand, through regional integration, it is expected that there will be FDI movement among member countries and improvement in internal integration (institutional quality) in an effective manner, resulting in increased economic growth. This study intends to ascertain the institutional dynamics and FDI movements to what extent they are able to encourage regional economic growth. The method adopted in this study is panel data analysis using Panel Least Square which is considered effective to answer the issue. This study found a positive significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Control of Corruption, and political stability and absence of violence on Gross Domestic Product. Control of corruption has the highest institutional index in ASEAN and has the most effect on increasing GDP. In contrast, this study found a significant negative effect on exports and voice and accountability. This means that exports between member countries, control of corruption and political stability of member countries are still relatively low, and do not encourage economic growth. This study also finds new things related to the anomalous phenomenon of institutional quality based on the cross-section effect for Indonesia and Singapore. ASEAN as a regional policy maker needs to increase integration and integrity in accordance with the AEC agreement, so that integration can strengthen regional economic progress and encourage the completion of each country's institutions.

Kata Kunci : PDB, Kualitas Kelembagaan, FDI