Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law as Threat to International Peace and Security Based on UNSC Resolutions: Analysis of the Russia-Ukraine Conflict

FAIRUZ EL MECHWAR, Dr. Heribertus Jaka Triyana, S.H., LL.M., M.A.

2023 | Skripsi | S1 HUKUM

On 24 February 2022, Russia launched a special military operation towards Ukraine and thus establishing an international armed conflict. Based on the reports of the Independent Inquiry on Ukraine, numerous violations of international humanitarian law have been committed by Russian Armed Forces. According to past UNSC Resolutions, violations of international humanitarian law may amount to threat of international peace and security. However, there has been insufficient conclusion on what violations amount to the Article 39 of the UN Charter. By observing past UNSC Resolutions, this study analyzes what violations of international humanitarian law constitute as threat to international peace and security. This legal research shall also determine whether the violations committed by Russia during the Russia-Ukraine Armed Conflict has amounted to threat of international peace and security. The findings of this research shall show the dynamics of the UNSC in addressing international humanitarian law violations based on the Resolutions from 1967 until 2023 including based on certain thematic themes. Additionally, this legal research shall prove how each crime conducted by Russia are serious violations of international humanitarian law amounting to threat of international peace and security.

Pada 24 Februari 2022, Rusia melancarkan 'operasi militer khusus' terhadap Ukraina dan dengan demikian menimbulkan konflik bersenjata internasional. Berdasarkan laporan Penyelidikan Independen Ukraina, banyak pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional telah dilakukan oleh Angkatan Bersenjata Rusia. Menurut Resolusi DK PBB sebelumnya, pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional dapat menjadi ancaman perdamaian dan keamanan internasional. Namun, belum ada kesimpulan yang cukup mengenai pelanggaran apa yang termasuk dalam ambang batas Pasal 39 Piagam PBB. Dengan mencermati Resolusi DK PBB sebelumnya, studi ini menganalisis pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional apa saja yang merupakan ancaman terhadap perdamaian dan keamanan internasional. Penelitian hukum ini juga akan menentukan apakah pelanggaran yang dilakukan Rusia selama konflik bersenjata Rusia-Ukraina merupakan ancaman perdamaian dan keamanan internasional. Temuan penelitian ini akan menunjukkan dinamika DK PBB dalam menangani pelanggaran hukum humaniter internasional berdasarkan konflik tahun 1967 dan 2023 termasuk berdasarkan tema tematik tertentu. Selain itu, penelitian hukum ini akan membuktikan bagaimana setiap kejahatan yang dilakukan oleh Rusia merupakan pelanggaran serius terhadap hukum humaniter internasional.

Kata Kunci : International Humanitarian Law Violations, Threat to International Peace and Security, Russia-Ukraine Armed Conflict