Kerja Sama Selatan-Selatan Kuba: Dinamika Diplomasi Medis Pasca Rezim Fidel Castro (2008-2022)

MARIA IMMACULATA HPV, Dr. Randy Wirasta Nandyatama

2023 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Diplomasi medis merupakan politik luar negeri Kuba yang masih dijalankan hingga saat ini sejak diinisiasi oleh Fidel Castro sekitar tahun 1960. Studi ini mengamati dinamika diplomasi medis Kuba pasca rezim Fidel dengan memberikan sensitivitas terhadap transisi rezim yang telah terjadi dua kali. Transisi rezim ini tampaknya tidak memudarkan eratnya praktik kerja sama Selatan-Selatan (KSS) yang melekat dalam diplomasi medis Kuba. Oleh karenanya, studi ini menggunakan teori konsepsi peran dan perspektif KSS untuk mengamati dinamika diplomasi medis Kuba dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhinya. Pasca rezim Fidel, penulis memroyeksikan Kuba mengadopsi peran developer, defender of the faith, dan independent. Studi ini menemukan bahwa diplomasi medis Kuba pasca rezim Fidel mengalami setidaknya lima fase pergerakan dalam spektrum idealisme dan pragmatisme, yaitu idealisme, transisi menuju reformasi, pragmatisme, kombinasi pragmatisme-idealisme, lalu kembali ke idealisme. Dalam fase-fase tersebut, ditemui bahwa konsepsi peran developer dan defender of the faith, serta perspektif normatif KSS memengaruhi diplomasi medis Kuba ke arah idealisme. Sementara itu, konsepsi peran independent dan perspektif material KSS memengaruhi diplomasi medis Kuba ke arah pragmatisme.

Medical diplomacy is a Cuban foreign policy that is still being conducted today since it was first initiated by Fidel Castro circa 1960. This study observes the dynamics of Cuba's medical diplomacy after Fidel's regime by giving sensitivity to the regime transition that has occurred twice. This regime transition does not seem to have diminished the close South-South cooperation (SSC) practices that are embedded in Cuba's medical diplomacy. Therefore, this study uses the role conception theory and the perspectives of SSC to analyze the dynamics of Cuba's medical diplomacy and its influencing factors. After Fidel's regime, the author projects Cuba has adopted the roles of developer, defender of the faith, and independent. This study found that Cuba's medical diplomacy after Fidel's regime experienced at least five phases of movement within the spectrum of idealism and pragmatism, namely idealism, transition to reform, pragmatism, pragmatism-idealism combination, and then return to idealism. In these phases, it appears that the role conceptions of developer and defender of the faith, as well as the normative perspective of SSC, influenced Cuba's medical diplomacy towards idealism. Meanwhile, the role conception of independent and material perspectives of SSC influenced Cuba's medical diplomacy towards pragmatism.

Kata Kunci : Diplomasi medis Kuba, kerja sama Selatan-Selatan (KSS), transisi rezim, idealisme, pragmatisme.