INDONESIA-AUSTRALIA COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (IA-CEPA): A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ECONOMIC POWERHOUSE IN AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

Agata Nina Puspita, Dr. Dafri Agussalim, M.A.

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Tesis ini menyajikan tinjauan kritis terhadap hubungan perdagangan yang menganalisis dan mengevaluasi implementasi 'economic powerhouse' untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi, menciptakan peluang baru bagi bisnis dan memperkuat Indonesia dan Australia berdasarkan IA-CEPA di sektor pertanian sejak diratifikasi pada tahun 2020. Selain itu, tesis ini juga mengidentifikasi kelemahan IA-CEPA, seperti potensi meningkatnya persaingan di sektor pertanian dan risiko terkait ketergantungan pada impor Australia. Oleh karena itu, tesis ini berfokus pada bagaimana IA-CEPA diimplementasikan dan efektivitas kekuatan ekonomi di sektor pertanian. Konsep kerjasama internasional memandu studi ini untuk menganalisis hasil implementasi kerjasama antara Indonesia dan Australia di bidang pertanian melalui IA-CEPA. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, tesis ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif melalui studi literatur untuk menganalisis kebijakan berdasarkan IA-CEPA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi IA-CEPA di sektor pertanian sejak ratifikasinya dicerminkan oleh Indonesia dan Australia melalui (1) penurunan tarif, (2) peningkatan keterampilan dan kapasitas, (3) memanfaatkan kekuatan dan sumber daya yang saling melengkapi, (4) pembentukan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2020, dan (5) pembentukan ECC. 'Economic powerhouse' berpengaruh dalam reformasi dan penguatan institusi ekonomi dan politik melalui (1) penyediaan akses pasar, (2) infrastruktur investasi, dan (3) pengembangan kebijakan yang melibatkan proyek 'economic powerhouse' ke negara ketiga pasar. Namun, pemerintah kedua negara perlu mengkaji ulang kebijakannya untuk meningkatkan akses pasar, investasi infrastruktur dan pengembangan praktik kebijakan, sehingga IA-CEPA dapat dimaksimalkan.

This thesis presents a critical review of trade relations which analyses and evaluates the implementation of 'economic powerhouse' to promote economic growth, create new opportunities for business and strengthen Indonesia and Australia based on IA-CEPA in agricultural sector since its ratification in 2020. In addition, this thesis also identifies IA-CEPA's weaknesses, such as the potential for increased competition in agricultural sector and the risks associated with dependence on Australian imports. Thus, this thesis focuses on how IA-CEPA was implemented and the effectiveness of economic powerhouse in agriculture sector. The concept of international cooperation guides this study to analyse the results of the implementation of cooperation between Indonesia and Australia in agricultural sector through IA-CEPA. To answer the research questions, this thesis uses qualitative research methods through literature studies to analyse policies based on IA-CEPA. The results show that the implementation of IA-CEPA in agricultural sector since its ratification were reflected by Indonesia and Australia through (1) tariff reduction, (2) skills and capacity building, (3) leveraging their complementary strengths and resource, (4) the establishment of Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2020, and (5) the establishment of ECC. 'Economic powerhouse' has influenced in reforming and strengthening the economic and political institutions through (1) the provision of market access, (2) the investment infrastructure, and (3) the development of policy which involve 'economic powerhouse' project to third countries market. However, the governments of the two countries need to review their policies in order to increase market access, investment in infrastructure and development of policy practices, so IA-CEPA can be maximized.

Kata Kunci : agricultural sector, economic powerhouse, IA-CEPA, Indonesia, Australia