Analisis Indikator Entomologi Vektor Dengue dan Status Kerentanan Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Terhadap Insektisida Sipermetrin (Golongan Pyrethroid) di Kelurahan Rejowinangun Utara, Kecamatan Magelang Tengah, Kota Magelang

EKY RAHAYU, Prof. dr. Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto, M.Sc., Ph.D.; Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, S.Si., M.Kes., Ph.D

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KEDOKTERAN TROPIS

INTISARI Latar belakang: Rejowinangun Utara adalah Kelurahan di Kota Magelang dengan angka kasus dengue sebanyak 5 kasus pada tahun 2021. Pada tahun 2019 dilaporkan sebanyak 6 kasus. Wilayah tersebut memiliki kepadatan penduduk cukup tinggi di Kota Magelang Penentuan kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus dapat diukur melalui indeks entomologi seperti house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI), ovitrap index (OI). Insektisida yang digunakan di Kota Magelang dalam 5 tahun terakhir adalah insektisida golongan piretroid dengan bahan aktif sipermetrin. Resistensi terhadap insektisida golongan piretroid terutama sipermetrin sudah banyak ditemukan pada populasi Ae. aegypti. Tujuan: Mengetahui indeks entomologi, indeks maya dan status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap sipermetrin di Kelurahan Rejowinangun Utara, Kecamatan Magelang Tengah, Kota Magelang. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti diperoleh dengan pemasangan ovitrap dan survei larva yang dikolonisasi dari RW 8, 11, 15, 17, dan 20 di Kelurahan Rejowinangun Utara pada bulan September-Desember 2022. Koleksi larva dilakukan pada setiap rumah dan status resistensi diuji menggunakan insektisida sipermetrin dengan metode CDC bottle bioassay. Hasil: Nilai OI di RW 15 dan RW 20 � 40%. Nilai HI � 5% di lokasi RW 8, RW 15 dan RW 20. Nilai CI � 10% di RW 8, RW 15 dan RW 20. Nilai BI � 50% di RW 8, RW 15 dan RW 20. Pada lokasi RW 11 dan RW 17 tidak ditemukan larva. Status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap sipermetrin adalah resisten dengan nilai mortalitas di RW 8, 17, 15, dan 20 berturut-turut adalah 63%, 49%, 0%, dan 16%. Kesimpulan: Kepadatan nyamuk di RW 15 dan RW 20 termasuk kategori tinggi dan RW 8, RW 11, RW 17 termasuk kategori rendah. Kepadatan larva di RW 8, RW 15, RW 20 termasuk kategori sedang dan RW 11, RW 17 tidak ditemukan larva. Tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk termasuk kategori rendah dan kebersihan lingkungan yang baik di Kelurahan Rejowinangun Utara. Status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin (golongan pyrethroid) menggunakan uji CDC Bottle Bioassay yaitu RW 8, RW 15, RW 17 dan RW 20 menunjukkan hasil resisten sedangkan RW 11 menunjukkan hasil rentan. Pengujian biokimia dengan aktivitas enzim monooksigenase menunjukkan hasil terdapat 16% sampel nyamuk Ae. aegypti dari total replikasi terdeteksi memiliki aktivitas enzim monooksigenase yang tinggi. Kata kunci: indeks entomologi, Aedes aegypti, resistensi, sipermetrin ABSTRACK Background: North Rejowinangun is a sub-district in Magelang City with 5 cases of dengue cases in 2021. In 2019 there were 6 cases reported. The area has a fairly high population density in Magelang City. Determination of the density of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can be measured through entomological indices such as house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI), ovitrap index (OI). Insecticides used in Magelang City in the last 5 years are pyrethroid insecticides with the active ingredient cypermethrin. Resistance to pyrethroid class insecticides, especially cypermethrin, has been found in many Ae. aegypti. Objective: To know the entomological index, maya index and resistance status of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin in Rejowinangun Utara Village, Magelang Tengah District, Magelang City. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. was obtained by installing ovitrap and surveying colonized larvae from RW 8, 11, 15, 17 and 20 in Rejowinangun Utara Village in September-December 2022. Larval collection was carried out at each house and resistance status was tested using cypermethrin insecticide using the CDC bottle method bioassays. Results: OI values in RW 15 and RW 20 � 40%. HI values � 5% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20 locations. CI values � 10% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20. BI values � 50% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20. At RW 11 locations and RW 17 no larvae were found. The status of the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin was resistant with mortality rates in RW 8, 17, 15, and 20 respectively 63%, 49%, 0%, and 16%. Conclusion: Mosquito density in RW 15 and RW 20 is in the high category and RW 8, RW 11, RW 17 is in the low category. Larval density in RW 8, RW 15, RW 20 was in the medium category and RW 11, RW 17 found no larvae. Mosquito breeding sites are included in the low category and good environmental hygiene in Rejowinangun Utara Village. The status of the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin insecticides (pyrethroid group) using the CDC Bottle Bioassay test namely RW 8, RW 15, RW 17 and RW 20 showed resistant results while RW 11 showed susceptible results. Biochemical testing with monooxygenase enzyme activity showed that 16% of the samples of Ae. aegypti from total replication was detected to have high monooxygenase enzyme activity. Keywords: entomological index, Aedes aegypti, resistance, cypermethrin

ABSTRACK Background: North Rejowinangun is a sub-district in Magelang City with 5 cases of dengue cases in 2021. In 2019 there were 6 cases reported. The area has a fairly high population density in Magelang City. Determination of the density of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus can be measured through entomological indices such as house index (HI), container index (CI), breteau index (BI), ovitrap index (OI). Insecticides used in Magelang City in the last 5 years are pyrethroid insecticides with the active ingredient cypermethrin. Resistance to pyrethroid class insecticides, especially cypermethrin, has been found in many Ae. aegypti. Objective: To know the entomological index, maya index and resistance status of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin in Rejowinangun Utara Village, Magelang Tengah District, Magelang City. Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. was obtained by installing ovitrap and surveying colonized larvae from RW 8, 11, 15, 17 and 20 in Rejowinangun Utara Village in September-December 2022. Larval collection was carried out at each house and resistance status was tested using cypermethrin insecticide using the CDC bottle method bioassays. Results: OI values in RW 15 and RW 20 � 40%. HI values � 5% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20 locations. CI values � 10% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20. BI values � 50% in RW 8, RW 15 and RW 20. At RW 11 locations and RW 17 no larvae were found. The status of the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti to cypermethrin was resistant with mortality rates in RW 8, 17, 15, and 20 respectively 63%, 49%, 0%, and 16%. Conclusion: Mosquito density in RW 15 and RW 20 is in the high category and RW 8, RW 11, RW 17 is in the low category. Larval density in RW 8, RW 15, RW 20 was in the medium category and RW 11, RW 17 found no larvae. Mosquito breeding sites are included in the low category and good environmental hygiene in Rejowinangun Utara Village. The status of the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti against cypermethrin insecticides (pyrethroid group) using the CDC Bottle Bioassay test namely RW 8, RW 15, RW 17 and RW 20 showed resistant results while RW 11 showed susceptible results. Biochemical testing with monooxygenase enzyme activity showed that 16% of the samples of Ae. aegypti from total replication was detected to have high monooxygenase enzyme activity. Keywords: entomological index, Aedes aegypti, resistance, cypermethrin

Kata Kunci : indeks entomologi, Aedes aegypti, resistensi, sipermetrin