OBAT KUMUR POVIDONE-IODINE DAN CETYLPYRIDINUM CHLORIDE UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN COVID-19 PADA PRAKTIK KEDOKTERAN GIGI

NEZZA MUFLIKHAH, Dr. drg. Rini Widyaningrum, M.Biotech.; drg. Tetiana Haniastuti, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2021 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN GIGI

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh beta-coronavirus. World Health Organization (WHO) menamakan virus penyebab COVID-19 tersebut sebagai SARS-CoV-2. Tenggorokan dan kelenjar saliva menjadi media replikasi dan transmisi virus pada COVID-19 sehingga diperlukan penggunaan antiseptik oral. Penulisan narrative review bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan obat kumur povidone-iodine dengan obat kumur cetylpyridinium chloride dalam mengurangi viral load SARSCoV-2 serta untuk mengetahui efektivitas dan efikasi obat kumur povidone-iodine dan obat kumur cetylpyridinium chloride dalam pencegahan transmisi COVID-19 pada praktik kedokteran gigi. Pencarian literatur pada narrative review ini dilakukan menggunakan database PubMed, Google Scholar, dan Science direct dengan kata kunci COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Mouthwash, Dental practice, Povidone-iodine dan Cetylpyridinium chloride. Hasil pencarian pada database science direct, PubMed, dan google scholar mendapatkan total literatur sebanyak 482 artikel. Sebanyak 98 artikel menunjukan hasil duplikasi dan didapatkan total hasil seleksi duplikasi sebanyak 384 artikel. Literatur berupa original article dan case report sebanyak 134 artikel. Selanjutnya sebanyak 73 artikel tidak memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, sehingga total artikel yang di-review sebanyak 61 artikel. Obat kumur povidone-iodine dan obat kumur cetylpyridinium chloride menunjukan hasil yang sama dalam mengurangi viral load SARS-CoV-2. Obat kumur povidone-iodine dan obat kumur cetylpyridinium chloride sama-sama efektif untuk mencegah transmisi COVID-19 pada praktik kedokteran gigi tetapi povidone-iodine memiliki efektifitas dan efikasi lebih baik dibandingkan cetylpyridinium chloride. Oleh karena itu, penggunakan obat kumur povidoneiodine dan cetylpyridinium chloride disarankan sebagai tindakan pra-prosedural untuk membantu mengurangi risiko paparan COVID-19 melalui jalur oral.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by betacoronavirus. The World Health Organization (WHO) has been announced the official names for the virus responsible for COVID-19 as SARS-CoV-2. The throat and salivary glands become the media for viral replication and transmission in COVID-19, so the use of oral antiseptics is necessary. This narrative review aimed to determine the viral load reduction of SARS-CoV-2 using povidoneiodine compared to cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes and to determine the effectiveness and the efficacy of povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 in dental practice. Database for literature searching in this narrative review were PubMed, Google Scholar, Science direct with the keywords COVID-19, SARS CoV-2, Mouthwash, Dental practice, Povidone-iodine and Cetylpyridinium chloride. A total of 482 articles were collected from the databases. Ninety eight articles showed duplication so that a total of 384 articles were obtained. Literature in the form of original articles and case reports were 134 articles. There were 73 articles were not eligible for the inclusion and exclusion criteria, so that total of articles in this narrative review were 61. Both of povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes are capable to reduce the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes are equally effective in preventing the transmission of COVID-19 on dental practice but the effectiveness and the efficacy of povidone-iodine mouthwash better than cetylpyridinium chloride. Therefore, the use of povidone-iodine and cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash is recommended as a pre-procedural prophylaxis to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission through the oral route.

Kata Kunci : Povidone-iodine, cetylpyridinium chloride, COVID-19, efektifitas, efikasi