Negosiasi Fungsi, Ekspresi, dan Estetik Pakaian Seragam Perawat Perempuan Di RS Mata Undaan Dan RS Darmo Surabaya

DENY ARIFIANA, Dr. GR. Lono Lastoro S., M.A.

2023 | Disertasi | DOKTOR PENGKAJIAN SENI PERTUNJUKAN DAN SENI RUPA

Studi ini diawali dengan ketertarikan terhadap ragam desain pakaian seragam perawat di rumah sakit, yang menuntun kepada ditemukannya sejumlah fakta menarik dalam praktik berpakaian perawat. Diketahui bahwa perawat berkewajiban untuk memenuhi kebijakan pakaian seragam di rumah sakit, dengan cara mengenakan seragam sesuai ketentuan. Namun, praktik pemakaian seragam diasumsikan tidak selalu mengikuti ketentuan karena berbagai kemungkinan alasan. Oleh karena itu, pemakaian seragam perawat perempuan dipahami sebagai ruang negosiasi dalam aspek fungsional, ekspresif, dan estetik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif analisis, yang berfokus pada negosiasi pemakaian seragam perawat perempuan di rumah sakit, utamanya pada aspek fungsi, ekspresif, dan juga estetik. Tujuannya antara lain untuk (1) menganalisis bentuk, fungsi, dan ekspresi pakaian seragam perawat RS Mata Undaan dan RS Darmo; (2) mengeksplanasi penilaian pakaian seragam perawat RS Mata Undaan dan RS Darmo pada aspek fungsional, ekspresi, dan estetik; dan (3) mengeksplanasi peluang negosiasi dalam praktik pemakaian seragam perawat perempuan RS Mata Undaan dan RS Darmo. Metode pengumpulan data penelitian ini meliputi studi pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan juga dokumentasi, guna memperoleh variasi data secara maksimal. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pakaian seragam perawat perempuan IRNA secara umum berbentuk stelan khusus perawat perempuan, yang terdiri dari atasan (blus atau blazer) dan bawahan berwujud celana panjang. Kekhasan pakaian seragam perawat perempuan, terutama kap perawat beserta lekapan pitanya, diyakini mampu menjadi identitas sekaligus mempermudah proses identifikasi bagi profesinya di rumah sakit; (2) Hasil penilaian terhadap pakaian seragam perawat perempuan RS Mata Undaan diketahui persoalan fungsional lebih tinggi daripada persoalan ekspresis dan estetik, sementara di RS Darmo persoalan aspek ekspresif dan estetik lebih tinggi dibanding aspek fungsional; dan (3) peluang negosiasi pada praktik pemakaian seragam secara umum berhubungan dengan hal teknis kontruksi pakaian dan gaya pemakaian seragam. Temuan penelitian ini mengungkap realitas bahwa pakaian seragam perawat tidak selalu dikenakan secara seragam. Pemakaian seragam secara beragam merupakan indikator atau bukti terjadinya negosiasi perawat perempuan terhadap seragam yang ditentukan rumah sakit. Negosiasi terutama dilakukan pada aspek ekspresi estetik, sementara aspek fungsional pakaian seragam cenderung diikuti.

This study began with an interest in the various designs of nurse uniforms in hospitals, which led to the discovery of a number of interesting facts about the practice of nurse attire. It is known that nurses are obliged to comply with the uniform policy in the hospital, by wearing the uniform according to the provisions. However, it is assumed that the practice of wearing uniforms does not always follow the provisions for various possible reasons. Therefore, the use of female nurse uniforms is understood as a space for negotiation in functional, expressive, and aesthetic aspects. This research is a qualitative research using descriptive analysis method, which focuses on negotiating the use of uniforms for female nurses in hospitals, especially on functional, expressive, and also aesthetic aspects. The objectives include (1) analyzing the form, function, and expression of the uniforms of nurses at Darmo Hospital and Undaan Eye Hospital; and (2) explaining the negotiation of the practice of wearing female nurse uniforms at Darmo Hospital and Undaan Eye Hospital. The method of collecting data for this research includes literature study, observation, interviews, and also documentation, in order to obtain the maximum variation of data. The results of this study indicate that: (1) IRNA female nurse uniforms generally take the form of female nurse special suits, consisting of a top (blouse or blazer) and trousers in the form of trousers. It is believed that the uniqueness of the female nurse's uniform, especially the nurse's hood and the ribbon fasteners, is believed to be able to become an identity as well as assist in the process of assistance for her profession in the hospital; (2) The results of an assessment of the female nurse's uniform at Undaan Mata Hospital showed that functional issues were higher than expressive and aesthetic issues, while at Darmo Hospital the expressive and aesthetic aspects were higher on functional aspects than functional ones; and (3) negotiation opportunities on uniform wearing practices in general related to technical matters of clothing construction and uniform wearing styles. The findings of this study reveal the reality that nurse uniforms are not always worn uniformly. The use of various uniforms is an indicator or evidence of the occurrence of negotiations by female nurses on the uniforms determined by the hospital. Negotiations are mainly carried out on aspects of aesthetic expression, while functional aspects of uniforms tend to be followed.

Kata Kunci : Negosiasi, pakaian-seragam, perawat