Analisis Biaya Makan dan Kandungan Gizi Orangutan Rehabilitasi di Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Kalimantan Tengah

Bainah Sari Dewi, Dr.Ir. Agus Setyarso, MSc

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

orangutan Pongo pigmaeus merupakan satwa prirnata yang tergolong langka. Sbfustwa tersebut merxrntut perlakuan yang lebih intmsif unak tetap menjaga keberadaan orangutan di Indonesia, khususnya di Tanan I'bsional Tanjung Wing (TMP). Banyak lpaya konservasi telh dilakukan untuk rnenyelamatkan twmasuk upaya rekbilitasi terhadap orang&m rumahan yang dengan memeliharanya selama rehabilitasi sanpai diliarkan. Pear perhmbchan dan perkerrbangan orangutan selama m a pe liarm tetap baik perkr dketahi kardungan gizi dari jenis mhan yang dlmahnya dan biaya m h n yang dbuiuhkm perekar ormguian. Metode yang digcnakan unftrk menilai secaa kuantitatif kandurgm gizi. Pertama, dengan keclkupst gizi o r ~ u t m y, a ng dihitung berdasarkan rumus Fowler (1993). Fowler mnyatakm bahwa m m ener gy costsana dengm kmstanta animal group, berdasakan srlhu tub& OC (70) dikalikan berat badan (kg) dipmgkatkan 0,75. Dan r u m kedua dengim 1,s MEC y ~ n gr n e r u p h aw-gy yang diproWcsi oleh hewm pada s a t istrahat ditanbah er.ergy pada sat kaktifitas sedmg. Kedua, dengan angka kecckupan Gizi (AKG) Manusia. Kebuhhan gizi lainnya (protem,lemak, vitmin dan mineral) dikkukm dengan pendekatai AKG h s i a Cengan menggunakan faktor konversi Menghitung konswnsi mafcanan orangutar TMP dilakhn pen&ituwen di lapangm sehingga didapat berapa gam pisang, mnas, dincow, cerelag, dan gula kemudiar dihitung kandungm gizinya berdasakan Daftar Kornposisi Zat Gizi Bahm Makana Indonesia (DKBM). Analisis Biaya d i l a k h dengan penghitungan bexcfasarkan jenis h n a n perhari (2FT) dn haga m a k n seterrpat sehingga drperoleh biaya m h pehari/ biaya konsumsi &tan kelas unurnya. Hail penelitian memberikan garharm bahwa kandungm gizi yang dbutuhkan ormguian TMP perekor per hai pada kelas unur bayi-ank: eiwgi sebesar 615 bl, protein 11,6 g, kakiun 245 gr, phosphar 142,l g, besi 3,4 y, vitamin A 178,l RE, vitanh 81 0,25 g-, vitamin C 19,l gr. Pada kelas uwr remaja energi sebesa 1127 kkal, protein 28,6 gr, kalsiun 326,7 g, phosphor 245 g, besi 8,8 gr, vitsriin A 269,s RE, vitanin 61 0,49 q, vitamin C 27J g.P ada kelas m r de w= energi s h s a 1851 kkal, protein 32,5 gr, kalsiurn 295 gr, phospor 295 gr, besi 7,7 g, vibrnin A 3 9 RE, vitrmin B1 0,77 gr dan vitamin C 35,$. Kanbngim gizi tersebct diberikan pada kelas umu bayi-anak berupa dancow 244 gr, pisang 67,54 gr, m a s 0,5 biji, gula 91,2 gr, cerdag 9,l gr ; pa& kebs umr remaja, pisarg 325,2 gr, nanas 2,s biji ; pada kelas urnur dewasa pisang 513,3 gr dan nanas 4'2 biji. Biaya makana pada orangutan perekor perhari pa& kelas unur bayi-an& Rp 2.355,36 ; pada kelas unur remja Rp 4.752 dm pda kelas mur dewasa Rp 7.308. sehingga katvjungan gizi ymg dbutukn orangutan perekor perhari pada bayian& kelebihan 37%, rernaja rnasih bang 35% dan dewasa masih sangat b a n g 74% dari s&rusnya yang dberbn. Dan biaya mabn pada bayi-and: perekornya lebih tinggi Rp 871,48, rernaja rnasih kurang ftp 1.663,s dan dew= rnasih kurang Rp 5.554 dsi yang seharusnya dikeluarh. Dan biaya makan ini tidak hermasut biaya transportasi, gaji pegawai dan lain-laimya. Terbtas pada harga bahan mikanar di pasa TNTP.

Ormgutan ( Pongo pigmaeus} is an extinct prinate mirral. Its status as the extinct aninal requires more intensive treatment tr, maintain their existence in Indonesia especially at Tanjmg hting National Park. Mzny conservation efforts have been done to save them including the effort to rehabilitate house-orangutan by keeping them from the time they are being rehabilitawd Lntil they begin to be wildered. In order to keep h goal condition the growth and development of orangutan ther wildered term, it is important to know the food nutritional content and food cost needed for ea& orangutan. Methods being used here to estimate the quantitative nutritional content was first, by estimating the adequate nutritional for orixlgutin using bwler's formula. The semnd formula estimated the energy released while they ae taking a rest added with the energy while they are doing activities in medium level. This is called 1.5 MEC. Another method to estimate the quantitative nutritiwtal content for orangutar was by converting its nutritional need (poten, fat, vitamins and rn-mrak) into the Recommended Writion Intake for human. Estimation of the food consunption by orangutan at Tanjmg Riting National Park was collected at the field so that the information of how many g a n s bananas, pineapple, 'dmcow'(milk), cerelag and sugar had been Mnsurned cwld be achieved. The next step was estimatng their nutritional content based on Indonesian List of Food Nutritional Composition. The cost analyses was carried out by estimating each kind of f d co nsuned per day (2 Feeding Time) based on the local food pice. It is called the food cost per day or the corrsumption cost for each age class. The result: describes the nutritianal content needed by each orangJtan at Tanjung Puting National Pdrk per day; for imant-child class : energy 615 kl, proten 11.6 gr, calcium 245 gr, phosporus 142.1 gr, iron 3.4 gr, vitamn A 178.1 RE, vitamin B1 0.25 g, vitsnin C 19.1 gr, in the bms of darcow 20.4 gr, b m a 67.54 gr, a half of pineapple, sugar 91.2 g, cerelag 9.1 gr ; for juvenile class : energy 1127 kkal, protein 28.6 gr, calcium 326.7 9, phosphorus 245 g, iron 8.8 gr, vitamin A 269.5 RE, vitsnin B1 0.49 gr, vitanin C 27.8 g, in the forms of barma 325.2 gr, 2.5 pineapples; for adult class : energy 1851 kkal, protein 32.5 g, calcium 295 gr, phosphorus 295 gr, iron 7.7 g, vitanin A 354 RE, vitamin B1 0.77 g, vitanin C 35.4 gr, in the forms of bznana 513.3 gr and 4.2 pineapple. In sumnary, the nutritional ccntent rewired by each orangutan per day of invant-child class exceeded 37 *lo of its need, of juvenile class lacked of 35 Yo of its need, and of adult class lacked of 76 O/O of its need. The surplus cost on invant-chiid cktss was Rp 871.48,-; the shortage cost of juvenile class was Rp 1663.5,- and of adult class was Rp 5554,-. The food cost based on the food price at Tanjury Rking National Park's market excluding bmportation and empbyee cost.

Kata Kunci : Manajemen Hutan,Taman Nasional,Analisis Biaya Makan Orangutan