SIFAT PEREKATAN DAN EMISI FORMALDEHIDA EMPAT JENIS KAYU

Sushardi, Prof.Dr.Ir. T.A. Prayitno, M.For

2001 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kehutanan

Penggunaan jenis-jenis kayu sebagai bahan baku industri hams disesuaikan dengan sifat dasar kayu agar dapat menghasilkan produk hasil hutan dengan kualitas yang baik. Sifat dasar kayu yang satu dapat bcrbeda dengan yang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan I) mempelajari hubungan perhedaan jenis kayu, bagian kayu dan perlakuan pcrmukaan tcrhadap sifat pcrckatan dan emisi formaldehida, 2) mengetahui faktor-falior yang paling berpengaruh terhadap sifat perekatan dan emisi fonnaldehida. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap percobaan faktorial dengan uji lanjut menggunakan prosedur Tukey. Fakior yang digunakan adalah jcnis kayu (sengon, waru gunung, sungkai dan johar), bagian kayu (dckat hati dan dekat kulit) dan pcrlakuan permukaan (kontrol, NaOH, etanol dan alkohol bensen). Parameter yang diamati adalah proporsi tipe sd, berat jenis, warna kayu, wetabilitas, kadar ekstraktif kayu, keteguhan rekat, perscntase kerusakan kayu, keteguhan rekat terkoreksi dan emisi forrnaldehida. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh hubungan antara sifat dasar kayu dengan keteguhan rekat dan emisi formaldehida dilakukan analisis re61Tesi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian mcnunjukkan internksi jenis kayu dan bagian kayu berpengaruh sangat nyata pada sifat perekatan dan emisi formaldehida. Keteguhan rekat kering udara dan basah tertinggi pada kayu johar dekat hati (55,682 ; 30,935 kg/cm2), kerusakan kayu kering udara dan basah tertinggi pada kayu sengon dekat kulit (87,056 ; 48,345 %). Interaksi jenis kayu dengan perlakuan permukaan dan bagian kayu dengan perlakuan permukaan berpengaruh sangat nyata pada emisi formaldehida. Emisi fonnaldehida terendah pada kayu sungkai dengan perlakuan permukaan alkohol bensen (0, 101 ppm) dan bagian kayu dekat hati dengan perlakuan perrnukaan alkohol bensen (0, 159 ppm). Sifat perekatan dan emisi formaldehida dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh sifat dasar kayu, dan dinyatakan dalam persamaan regresi untuk sifat perekatan dengan pernbulub (Y = 64,428 - 0,925 X), parenkim (Y = 63,281 - 1,710 X), jari-jari (Y =-= 62,580 - 1,212 X), serabut (Y = 18,082 + 0,489 X), beratjenis (Y = 34,531 + 27,321 X), warna kayu (Y = 58,482 - 0,249 X), wetabilitas (Y = 56,031 - 0,0034 X), kadar ekstraktif larut air dingin (Y = 35,874 + 2,886 X), air panas (Y = 38,222 + 1,336 X) dan alkohol bensen (Y = 36,252 + 1,727 X). Emisi formaldehida dengan pembuluh (Y = - 0,15 + 0,225 X ), parenkim (Y = - 0,86 + 0,525 X), jari-jari (Y = - 0,64 + 0,371 X), serabut (Y = 1,201 - 0,13 X), beratjenis (Y = 0,768- 0,781 X), ,vama kayu (Y = 0, 141 + 0,0579 X), wetabilitas (Y = 0, l 65 + 0,000934 X), kadar ekstrah.-tif larut air dingin (Y = 0,652 - 0,640 X), air panas (Y = 0,744 - 0,500 X) dan alkohol bensen (Y = 1,083 - 0,072 X).

The utilisation of wood as raw material for industrv must be based on the basic properties of wood. The objectives of the research were 1) To study the relationship of species, radial position and surface treatment to the adhesion properties and formaldehyde emission, 2) To know the significant factors influencing the adhesion and formaldehyde emission. A factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design was used in this study, followed by tukey procedure. Factors in this research were vvood species (sengon, waru gunung, sungkai and johar), radial position of wood (near the pith and near the skin) and surface treatment (control, NaOH, Ethanol and alcohol benzene). Parameters observed were proportion of cell types, specific gravity, color of wood, wettability, content of wood extractives, bonding strength, wood failure, corrected bonding strength and formaldehyde emission. Correlation between basic properties of ,vood with adhesion strength and formaldehyde emission Vlas detected by using simple linear regression analysis. Result of th.is research showed that interaction effect were detected on wood species ,vith radial position, wood species with surface treatment and radial position with surface treatment. The highest of air and wet bonding strength were produced by combination of johar near the pith (55,682 and 30,935 kg/cm2), the highest air and wet wood failure were produced by combination of sengon near the skin (87,056 and 48,056 %). The lowest emission were produced by combination of sungkai near the pith (0,210 ppm), combination of sungkai with surface treatment alcohol benzene (0, IO 1 ppm) and combination of near the pith ,vith surface treatment alcohol benzene (0,161 ppm). The adhesion properties and formaldehyde emission significantly influenced by basic properties of wood. Adhesion properties was dependent on the basic properties of wood in accord with a regression formula vessel (Y = 64,428 - 0,925 X), parenchyma (Y = 63,281 - 1,710 X), rays (Y = 62,580- 1,212 X), fibers (Y = 18,082 + 0,489 X), specific gravity (Y = 34,531 + 27,321 X), wood color ( Y = 58,482 -0,249 X), wettability (Y = 56,031 -0,0034 X), the cool water-soluble wood ex1ractive (Y = 35,874 + 2,886 X), hot water-soluble extractive were (Y = 38,222 + 1,336 X) and benzene alcohol-soluble wood extractive (Y = 36,252 + 1,727 X). Formaldehyde emission ,...-as dependent on the basic properties of wood in accord with a regression fonnula vessel (Y = - 0, 15 + 0,225 X ), parenchyma (Y = - 0,86 + 0,525 X), rays (Y = - 0,64 + 0,371 X), fibers (Y = 1,201 -0,13 X), specific gravity (Y = 0,768 - 0, 781 X), wood color ( (Y = 0, 141 + 0,0579 X), wettability (Y = 0, 165 + 0,000934 X), the cool water-soluble wood extractive (Y = 0,652 - 0,640 X), hot water-soluble extractive were (Y = 0,744 - 0,500 X) and benzene alcohol-soluble wood extractive ( Y = 1,083 - 0,072 X) .

Kata Kunci : Kayu,Sifat Perekatan