Perilaku Pemulung Dalam Menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) Berdasarkan Pemahaman Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Studi Kasus, Penggunaan Alat Pelindung DIri (APD) di Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah Terpadu (TPAS) Piyungan, Yogyakarta

MUHAMAD ZEN AL WAHAB, Ir. Agus Prasetya, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D; Dr. Djaka Marwasta, S.Si, M.Si.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perilaku pemulung dalam menggunakan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) yang didasari pemahaman nilai keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Selanjutnya dilakukan upaya identifikasi faktor-faktor yang dapat mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan pemulung selama bekerja di dalam lokasi Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah, Kecamatan Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah istimewa Yogyakarta. Peneliti melakukan telaah korelasi dan regresi pada faktor predisposisi dan perilaku dalam menggunaan APD. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner pada 82 sampel responden yang mewakili 411 anggota komunitas pemulung. Hasil diagnose pada kunjungan pasien di Puskesmas Piyungan sebagai fasilitas kesehatan terdekat menunjukkan keluhan pasien pada nyeri otot, dyspepsia (nyeri lambung), encok dan batuk berada pada tujuh keluhan terbanyak yang mengindikasikan daerah yang kurang sehat. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan, mayoritas pemulung berasal dari luar Kecamatan Piyungan, berpendidikan terakhir lulus SD sebanyak 80,5%. Sebanyak 4,9% pemulung mengaku berpendapatan < Rp 1.500.000 sedangkan sisanya lebih besar dari angka yang disebutkan. Telaah melalui Job Safety Analysis, ditemukan adanya ancaman bahaya yang dapat mengakibatkan cidera ringan, cidera permanen maupun potensi bahaya infeksius. Analisis regresi mendapatkan bahwa berdasarkan faktor predisposisi mayoritas pemulung menilai rendah ancaman kesehatan dan keselamatan walaupun terpapar bahaya secara langsung. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis regresi linear berganda diperoleh Y (Penggunaan APD) = 1,745 + 0,244.X1 + (-0,034) X2 atau nilai konstanta sebesar 1,745, nilai koefisien regresi Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (X1) 0,244, nilai koefisien regresi Hambatan Penggunaan APD (X2) (-0,034). Koefisien determinasi pada analisis ini diperoleh nilai 0,062 yang bermakna sebesar 6,2% penggunaan APD dipengaruhi secara bersama-sama oleh faktor keselamatan dan kesehatan serta hambatan.

This research aims to examine the behavior of scavengers in using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) based on the value of occupational health and safety. Research deepened by identify factors that could threaten the health and safety of the scavengers while working at the Final Waste Processing Site at Piyungan District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. The research is conducted by a study of correlation and regression on predisposing factors and behaviors of scavengers in the use of PPE. Data was collected through observation, interviews and questioners with 82 samples respondents representing 411 members of the scavenger community. The results of the diagnosis on patient visits at the Piyungan Health Center as the nearest health facility showed that patient complaints of muscle pain, dyspepsia (stomach pain), arthritis and cough were in the seven most complaints that indicated of health level of the area is low. The data spoken that the majority of scavengers came from outside the Piyungan District, with the latest education graduating from elementary school as much as 80.5%. Furthermore, in the percentage of 4.9% scavengers claimed to have an income < Rp 1,500,000 while the rest were higher. Reviewing through Job Safety Analysis, it discovered there is a potential threat that can result in minor injuries, permanent injuries or potential infectious hazards. Based on predisposing factors, Regression analysis found that the majority of scavengers rated a low threat to health and safety, even though they were directly exposed to danger. Meanwhile, based on multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that Y (the use of PPE) = 1.745 + 0.244.X1 + (-0.034) X2 or a constant value of 1.745, the regression coefficient value of Occupational Safety and Health (X1) was 0.244, the regression coefficient value of Barriers to the use of PPE (X2) was (-0.034). The coefficient of determination in this analysis obtained a value of 0.062 which means that 6.2% use of PPE is jointly influenced by safety and health factors as well as barriers.

Kata Kunci : Pemulung, APD, Keselamatan, Kesehatan, Regresi