Dampak Pandemi Covid19 Terhadap Kegiatan Budidaya Udang di Pesisir Kabupaten Bantul

ISTIQOMAH APRILIA R, Prof. Dr. R. Rijanta, M.Sc.; Dr. Ir. Bambang Triyatmo, M.P.

2022 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU LINGKUNGAN

Awal tahun 2020 muncul pandemi Covid-19, hingga pertengahan tahun 2021 sebaran infeksi pandemi Covid-19 terus meningkat diperkirakan dapat menimbulkan dampak terhadap usaha budidaya udang karena adanya berbagai kebijakan. Dampak itu diperkirakan menyangkut aspek fisik-kimia lingkungan, teknis, dan sosial ekonomi dalam usaha budidaya udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak aspek teknis, fisik-kimia lingkungan, dan sosial ekonomi dalam usaha budidaya udang vaname akibat pandemi Covid-19, serta menganalisis strategi pengelolaan pada usaha budidaya udang vaname secara berkelanjutan akibat pandemi Covid-19. Data diperoleh dari wawancara terstruktur dengan 52 responden petambak udang di Kabupaten Bantul. Hasil dianalisis statistik menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test dan deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan parameter aspek teknis yang berdampak luas tambak, jumlah petakan, padat tebar, dan dosis pakan yang dialami skala usaha mikro, sedangkan skala usaha kecil hanya dosis pakan. Parameter aspek fisik-kimia di antaranya total berat pakan, FCR udang, kandungan NT dan PT yang terbuang yang dialami skala usaha mikro, sedangkan skala usaha kecil hanya total berat pakan. Parameter aspek sosial ekonomi hanya harga benur dialami skala usaha mikro, sedangkan skala usaha kecil hanya biaya operasional. Strategi yang dilakukan dari aspek teknis adalah menggunakan petakan lahan tambak yang lebih kecil untuk mengurangi padat tebar. Strategi pada aspek fisik kima manajemen pakan memperhatikan FCR < 1,9 sehingga secara tidak langsung akan mengurangi beban limbah yang terbuang ke perairan umum. Strategi dari aspek sosial ekonomi manajemen biaya input produksi, mencari harga udang tertinggi, menyewakan lahan tambak, mengganti budidaya menjadi ikan, dan mengurangi produksi.

In early 2020, the Covid-19 pandemic emerged, until mid-2021 the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic infection continues to increase, which is expected to have an impact on the shrimp farming business due to various policies. The impact is estimated to involve the physical-chemical aspects of the environment, technical, and socio-economic aspects of shrimp farming. This study aims to analyze the three aspects of shrimp cultivation business as well as to analyze the management strategy for the vannamei shrimp farming business in a sustainable manner due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The data were obtained from structured interviews with 52 respondents of shrimp farmers in Bantul Regency. The results were statistically analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and descriptive. The results showed that the technical aspects that impacted micro-scale business were the size of the pond, the number of plots, stocking density, and the dose of feed experienced, while the small-scale business was only the dose of feed. The physico-chemical aspects that impacted the micro-scale business were the total weight of feed, shrimp FCR, and the content of wasted NT and PT experienced by the micro-enterprise scale, while the small-scale business is only the total weight of the feed. The socio-economic aspects that impacted micro-scale business was the price of larvae, while small-scale business was operational costs. The strategies taken from technical aspects was to use smaller plots of pond area to reduced stocking desities, while physical aspects strategy was to managed chemical feed management to FCR < 1.9, as well as socio-economic aspects strategies were input cost management, seek the highest sell price of shrimp, leased the pond land, changed the commodity cultivation to fish, and reduce the production.

Kata Kunci : budidaya udang, fisik kimia lingkungan, pandemi Covid-19, sosial ekonomi, teknis