Analisis Determinan Faktor Keefektifan Badan Usaha Milik Petani (BUMP) Dalam Pemberdayaan Petani di Jawa Tengah

TRI CAHYO MARDIYANTO, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sunarru Samsi Hariadi, M.S;Prof. Dr. Ir. Krishna Agung Santosa, M.Sc

2023 | Disertasi | DOKTOR PENYULUHAN DAN KOMUNIKASI PEMBANGUNAN

Pembangunan pertanian yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan petani telah dilakukan melalui penerapan inovasi teknologi dan inovasi sosial, salah satunya, inovasi kelembagaan yang merupakan faktor penting dalam pembangunan pertanian. Peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan ekonomi petani diarahkan untuk membentuk korporasi atau badan usaha lainnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan, kultur petani dan potensi wilayah serta disesuaikan dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Permentan No. 18 Tahun 2018 tentang pedoman pengembangan kawasan pertanian berbasis korporasi petani menyebutkan bahwa korporasi petani adalah kelembagaan ekonomi petani berbadan hukum berbentuk koperasi atau badan hukum lain dengan sebagian besar kepemilikan modal dimiliki oleh petani yang dikembangkan dengan strategi memberdayakan kepada petani. Badan Usaha Milik Petani (BUMP) yang merupakan kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dimiliki, dan dikelola oleh petani dengan tujuan untuk memperbaiki mutu budidaya dan pengelolaan usahatani demi terwujudnya peningkatkan produktivitas, nilai tambah produk, dan perbaikan pendapatan ushatani, perbaikan daya tawar dan kemampuan membangun kemitraan yang sinergis (adanya peran stakehorlders terkait), yang maju, inovatif, dan berkelanjutan. Mengacu kepada UU No. 19 tahun 2013 tentang perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani, BUMP diharapakan menjadi organisasi petani yang efefktif dalam pemberdayaan petani dengan adanya pelibatan petani pada kegiatan BUMP sehingga terjadi penguatan kapasitas SDM petani, usahatani, kelembagaan petani, dan lingkungan fisik maupun lingkungan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (i) menganalisis pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung peran stakeholders dan personality petani terhadap keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani; (ii) menganalisis pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung peran stakeholders dan personality petani terhadap partisipasi petani; (iii) menganalisis pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung partisipasi petani terhadap keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani; dan (iv) mengetahui model keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani di Jawa Tengah Metode penelitian secara survei dengan mengambil lokasi di 4 (empat) lokasi di Jawa Tengah yang telah ada kegiata BUMP yaitu Kec. Salaman, Kab. Magelang; Kec. Ngbalak, Kab. Magelang, Kec. Kledung, Kab. Temanggung, dan Kec. Sidoharjo, Kab. Wonogiri. Penentuan responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, kuisioner dan observasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistic analisi SEM (Stuctural Equation Modeling). Pengukuran variabel menggunakan skala Likert. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (i) personality petani berpengaruh langsung terhadap keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani; (ii) partisipasi petani berpengaruh langsung terhadap keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani; (iii) partisipasi petani tidak berperan sebagai mediator personality petani terhadap keefektian BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani; dan (iv) Model untuk peningkatan keefektifan BUMP dalam pemberdayaan petani di Jawa Tengah lebih efektif melalui peningkatan kualitas personality petani dari pada partisipasi petani.

Agricultural development which aims to increase the productivity and income of farmers has been carried out through the application of technological innovations and social innovations, one of which is institutional innovation which is an important factor in agricultural development. Increasing the capacity of farmers' economic institutions is directed at forming corporations or other business entities in accordance with the needs, farmers' culture and regional potential and in accordance with the provisions of the applicable laws and regulations. Minister of Agriculture regulation No. 18 of 2018 concerning guidelines for developing agricultural areas based on farmer corporations states that farmer corporations are farmer economic institutions with legal entities in the form of cooperatives or other legal entities with most of the capital ownership owned by farmers which were developed with a strategy of empowering farmers. Farmer Owned Enterprises (BUMP) which are institutions formed, owned and managed by farmers with the aim of improving the quality of cultivation and farming management in order to realize increased productivity, product added value, and improved farm income, improved bargaining power and the ability to build sustainable partnerships. synergistic (the role of related stakeholders), which is advanced, innovative, and sustainable. Referring to Government Regulation No. 19 of 2013 concerning the protection and empowerment of farmers, BUMP is expected to become an effective farmer organization in empowering farmers by involving farmers in BUMP activities so that there is a strengthening of the human resource capacity of farmers, farming businesses, farmer institutions, and the physical and social environment. The aims of this study were: (i) to analyze the direct and indirect influence of the role of stakeholders and the personality of farmers on the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers; (ii) analyze the direct and indirect influence of the role of stakeholders and the personality of farmers on farmer participation; (iii) analyzing the direct and indirect effects of farmer participation on the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers; and (iv) find out the BUMP effectiveness model in empowering farmers in Central Java The research method is a survey by taking locations in 4 (four) locations in Central Java where BUMP activities already exist : Salaman District, Magelang Regency; Ngbalak District, Magelang Regency, Kledung District, Temanggung Regency, and Sidoharjo District, Wonogiri Regency. Determination of respondents with simple random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews, questionnaires and observation. The data analysis method used is SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) statistical analysis. Variable measurement using a Likert scale. The results of the research show that (i) farmer personality has a direct effect on the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers; (ii) farmer participation has a direct effect on the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers; (iii) farmer participation does not act as a mediator between farmer personality and the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers; and (iv) a model for increasing the effectiveness of BUMP in empowering farmers in Central Java is more effective through improving the personality quality of farmers than farmer participation.

Kata Kunci : Pemberdayaan Petani,Badan Usaha Milik Petani (BUMP),Farmer Empowerment,Farmer Owned Enterprises