Studi Kualitatif Pengelolaan Limbah Vaksin Covid-19 di Fasyankes Kabupaten Kolaka Utara

SHERLY WULANDARI, Prof. Dr. Ir. Sarto, M.Sc., IPU;Dr. Daniel, M.Sc.

2023 | Tesis | MAGISTER ILMU KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT

Latar Belakang : Kegiatan pengelolaan limbah vaksin covid-19 di fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan mulai dari, pemilahan, pewadahan, pengangkutan dan pemusnahan serta pembuangan akhir dapat membahayakan serta memunculkan kendala kesehatan jika tidak dilaksanakan sesuai dengan Peraturan dan Standar Operasional yang berlaku. Limbah vaksin covid-19 merupakan jenis limbah yang termasuk dalam kategori biohazard yaitu jenis limbah yang sangat membahayakan lingkungan. Tujuan: Menilai pengelolaan limbah vaksin covid-19 dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengelolaan limbah vaksin covid-19 di fasyankes Kabupaten Kolaka Utara. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan para informan dan observasi menggunakan form checklist di fasyankes Kabupaten Kolaka Utara. Metode yang digunakan untuk pemilihan subjek penelitian dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 15 orang. Hasil : Pengelolaan limbah vaksin covid-19 di fasyankes Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas secara umum sudah baik. Namun, ada beberapa yang belum sesuai dengan peraturan seperti pada kegiatan pemilahan, pengangkutan insitu serta pengangkutan eksitu. Tahapan pengolahan/ pemusnahan limbah medis dilakukan oleh pihak kedua yaitu RSUD H.M Djafar Harun, karena adanya kebijakan yang diberikan oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Kolaka Utara kepada seluruh fasyankes Puskesmas untuk bekerjasama dengan instansi yang memiliki incinerator. Sehingga, pemusnahan limbah medis menjadi lebih aman. Pemusnahan akhir dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga yaitu PT. Mitra Hijau yang telah memiliki izin dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan serta Kementerian Perhubungan. Kesimpulan : Pengelolaan limbah vaksin covid-19 di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas Kabupaten Kolaka Utara pada umunya sama dan sudah sesuai dengan Hal tersebut sesuai dengan Surat Edaran Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor SE.3/MENLHK/PSLB3/PLB.3/3/2021 dan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor: P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015 . Namun, masih kurang pada kegiatan pemilahan limbah yang belum maksimal serta ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pengangkutan baik insitu maupun eksitu belum memadai.

Background: Covid-19 vaccine waste management activities in health care facilities ranging from, sorting, storing, transporting, and destroying as well as final disposal can be dangerous and create health problems if they are not carried out by the applicable Regulations and Operational Standards. Covid-19 vaccine waste is a type of waste that is included in the biohazard category, which is a type of waste that is very harmful to the environment. Objective: To assess the management of Covid-19 vaccine waste and the factors that affect the management of Covid-19 vaccine waste in the health facilities of Regency Kolaka Utara. Methods: This type of research uses a qualitative method with a case study design. Data were obtained from interviews with informants and observations using a checklist form at the health facilities of North Kolaka Regency. The method used for the selection of research subjects using purposive sampling with many respondents of as many as 15 people. Results: The management of Covid-19 vaccine waste in the health facilities of hospitals and health centers is generally good. However, some are not by regulations such as sorting activities, in-situ transportation, and ex-situ transportation. The stages of processing/destroying medical waste are carried out by a second party, RSUD H.M Djafar Harun because of the policy given by the Kolaka Utara District Health Office to all Puskesmas facilities to cooperate with agencies that have incinerators. Thus, the destruction of medical waste becomes safer. The final destruction is carried out by a third party, PT. Mitra Hijau already has permits from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry and the Ministry of Transportation. Conclusion: The management of the Covid-19 vaccine waste in the North Kolaka Regency Hospital and Health Center Health Service Facilities is generally the same and is in accordance with this according to the Circular Letter of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number SE.3/MENLHK/PSLB3/PLB.3/3/2021 and Regulation of the Minister of Environment and Forestry Number: P.56/Menlhk-Setjen/2015 . However, there is still a lack of waste segregation activities that are not yet optimal and the availability of transport facilities and infrastructure both in-situ and ex-situ is not sufficient.

Kata Kunci : Covid-19 Vaccine Waste, Waste Management