Factors Associated with Stunting in Children with Congenital Heart Disease in RSUP Dr. Sardjito, Yogyakarta

MUHAMAD AIREL P, dr. Indah Kartika Murni, M.Kes, Ph.D, Sp.A (K) ; dr. Noormanto, Sp.A (K) ; dr. Sasmito Nugroho, Sp.A (K)

2023 | Skripsi | S1 KEDOKTERAN

Latar belakang: Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) termasuk kelainan jantung yang terjadi sebelum kelahiran. Dilaporkan pada tahun 2014 angka kejadian PJB di Yogyakarta adalah 134/10.000 orang-tahun. Anak-anak dengan PJB cenderung disertai dengan asupan kalori yang tidak memadai dan kebutuhan energi yang meningkat, yang membuat mereka rentan terhadap kekurangan gizi. Tujuan: Penelitian ini ingin menilai faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi retrospektif kohort yang memanfaatkan rekam medis pasien berusia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun yang didiagnosis dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) dari RSUP Dr. Sardjito antara 1 Januari 2020 dan 31 Desember 2020. Uji chi-square dan regresi logistik tes digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko yang terkait dengan stunting di antara anak-anak dengan PJB. Hasil: Dari semua pasien PJB, 102 (54,3%) mengalami stunting. Hasil analisis univariat (Chi-square) menunjukkan subjek dengan underlying syndrome (COR = 3.26; 95%CI 1.53-6.95), gagal jantung kongestif (COR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.00�3.20), lahir prematur (COR = 4,70; 95%CI 1,95-11,37), di bawah usia lima tahun (COR = 4,11; 95%CI 1,65-10,28), dan subjek yang pendapatan bulanan orang tua di bawah upah minimum (COR = 2,73; 95%CI 1,50-4,96 ) lebih cenderung terhambat. Kesimpulan: Usia, prematuritas, sindrom, gagal jantung kongestif (CHF), dan status sosial ekonomi secara signifikan berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak dengan PJB.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) includes abnormalities of the heart that take place before birth. It was reported in 2014 that the incidence of CHD in Yogyakarta was 134/10.000 person-years. Children with CHD are likely to be accompanied with inadequate caloric intake and increased energy requirements, which make them susceptible to malnutrition. Objective: This study would like to assess the risk factors associated with stunting in children with congenital heart disease. Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study which utilizes medical records of patients aged from 1 month to 18 years old diagnosed with congenital heart disease (CHD) from RSUP Dr. Sardjito in between 1 January 2020 and 31 December 2020. Chi-square test and logistic regression test were used to identify risk factors associated with stunting among children with CHD. Results: Out of all patients with CHD, 102 (54.3%) are stunted. The results of univariate analysis (Chi-square) showed that subjects with underlying syndrome (COR = 3.26; 95%CI 1.53-6.95), congestive heart failure (COR = 1.79; 95%CI 1.00�3.20), preterm birth (COR = 4.70; 95%CI 1.95-11.37), under five years of age (COR = 4.11; 95%CI 1.65-10.28), and subjects whose parents� monthly income is below minimum wage (COR = 2.73; 95%CI 1.50-4.96) were more likely to be stunted. Conclusion: Age, prematurity, syndrome, congestive heart failure (CHF), and socioeconomic status are significantly associated with stunting in children with CHD.

Kata Kunci : CHD, stunting, risk factors, children, Yogyakarta