Menjelaskan Variasi Kekerasan Etnis: Perbandingan Kekerasan Etnis di Kota Jakarta dengan di Kota Medan dalam Kerusuhan anti-Tionghoa 1998

ANGELINE VALERIE BR. LUMBANTOBING, Dr. Diah Kusumaningrum, MA

2023 | Skripsi | S1 ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Penjelasan mengenai kerusuhan anti-Tionghoa pada tahun 1998 di Indonesia melalui analisis level nasional ternyata masih belum mampu menjelaskan variasi spasial peristiwa ini, terutama dalam memahami perbedaan intensitas kekerasan di wilayah Kota Jakarta yang mengalami kekerasan paling intens dan Kota Medan yang pertama kali mengalami kerusuhan. Berangkat dari konsep civic engagement Ashutosh Varshney, skripsi ini berusaha menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dengan membandingkan civic engagement antara Kota Jakarta dengan Kota Medan melalui berbagai bentuk hubungan kemasyarakatan antara kelompok-kelompok etnis pribumi dan Tionghoa di kedua kota. Penelitian skripsi ini menemukan bahwa bentuk civic engagement di Kota Jakarta yang cenderung intraetnik menyebabkan kekerasan etnis dalam kerusuhan anti-Tionghoa tahun 1998 menjadi lebih intens. Sementara, civic engagement di Kota Medan yang antaretnik sekalipun sifatnya sehari-hari (quotidian) mampu menekan intensitas kekerasan etnis dalam kerusuhan anti-Tionghoa tahun 1998.

Explanation of the anti-Chinese riots in 1998 in Indonesia through analysis at the national level is not adequate enough to explain the spatial variation of this event, especially in understanding the differences of the intensity of violence in Jakarta which experienced the most intense violence and Medan which experienced riots for the first time. Based on Ashutosh Varshney's civic engagement concept, this thesis attempted to answer this question by comparing the civic engagement between Jakarta and Medan through various forms of social relations between indigenous groups and Chinese groups in both cities. This thesis research found that the form of civic engagements in Jakarta which tended to be intra-ethnic caused the ethnic violence in the 1998 anti-Chinese riots to be more intense. Meanwhile, the inter-ethnic civic engagements in Medan, even though they are daily interactions (quotidian), were able to reduce the intensity of ethnic violence during the 1998 anti-Chinese riots.

Kata Kunci : kerusuhan 1998, anti-Tionghoa, variasi spasial, civic engagement